Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food

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Methodical approach for assessing the sustainability of agricultural holdings in Bulgaria
(Agricultural Academy, 2023-12-22)
Sarov, Angel
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Kostenarov, Krasimir
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Elenov, Riste
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Boevsky, Ivan
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Dose-Dependent Effects of Foliar Nano NPK and Zinc on Yield, Antioxidant Capacity, and Metabolic Profile of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
(MDPI AG, 2026-04-03)
S. T. Stojanova, Marina
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Stojanova, Monika
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Demiri, Sani
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A. Djukic, Dragutin
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Kaya, Yalcin
Foliar nanofertilization is increasingly being explored as a strategy to enhance crop nutritional quality; however, dose-dependent physiological and metabolic responses remain insufficiently defined. This study evaluated the effects of conventional NPK (20:20:20) and nano-formulated NPK combined with zinc (3 and 5 g/L) on the mineral composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic profile of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L., cv. ‘Dora’) grown under controlled conditions. Physicochemical characterization of the nanofertilizer by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy confirmed nanoscale primary particle size and revealed concentration-dependent aggregation behavior at higher Zn levels. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among treatments in macro- and microelement content, total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity. The application of nano NPK combined with 3 g/L Zn resulted in the highest accumulation of total phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, accompanied by enhanced antioxidant capacity, suggesting stimulation of secondary metabolism. In contrast, the higher Zn concentration (5 g/L) further increased carotenoid content but was associated with elevated proline levels, indicating the onset of physiological stress. Multivariate analyses (PCA and ROC) supported dose-dependent metabolic modulation and confirmed that combinations of selected metabolites contributed to clearer differentiation between fertilization regimes. Overall, the results highlight the existence of an optimal nano-zinc application range that enhances fruit functional quality while avoiding stress-related metabolic imbalance, emphasizing the importance of physicochemical stability in nano-enabled fertilization strategies. While this study focused on a single sweet pepper cultivar, future research should explore other pepper species to evaluate whether similar dose-dependent nano Zn effects are observed.
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COMPARING THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF OPEN FIELD AND PROTECTED AREA ORGANIC TOMATO CULTIVATION SYSTEMS
(Balkan Scientific Association of Agricultural Economists, 2024-06-19)
Ostojić Vasili Vasilije
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Elenov, Riste
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Sredojevic, Zorica
To compare the economics of different systems of organic tomato production, two models were created, one assuming outdoor production, and the other representing production in a protected area under a greenhouse, based on the data obtained through interviews with organic tomato producers from Vojvodina. The cost and sensitivity analysis revealed that the greenhouse model yields better results overall (a financial result of €273/100 m2 compared to €58/100 m2), despite the higher costs due to amortization, interest and costs related to the higher yield obtained. The production model also showed less dependence on the change in organic tomato yield and price, as well as key cost groups and post-harvest losses, which in both cases were mediated by growing coriander as an intercrop. This research improves the knowledge of the economics of organic tomato cultivation and at the same time proposes a methodology to analyze the economic impact of other organic productions.
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ISSUES IN ENSURING WORKFORCE AVAILABILITY IN TOURISM
(MESTE NGO, 2026-01-15)
Postolov, Kiril
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Elenov, Riste
This paper examines workforce security in the tourism industry. It focuses on seasonality, labor shortages, employee motivation, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism is highly vulnerable to seasonal fluctuations, which create an unstable labor market dominated by temporary, part-time, and migrant work. These conditions lead to high turnover and difficulties in retaining skilled employees. Low wages and poor working environments further reduce job satisfaction and morale. The study analyzes how these challenges affect both workers and employers, emphasizing the growing reliance on migrant labor in many regions. It also explores strategies to mitigate problems, such as improving motivation, offering better conditions, and adopting flexible employment models. In addition, the paper considers the long-term effects of COVID-19 on tourism employment, including shifts in demand, migration patterns, and new health and safety standards. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and industry leaders. They propose practical measures to build a more stable and sustainable workforce. By addressing the root causes of labor insecurity, the study contributes to developing effective workforce strategies and a more resilient labor market.
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Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Response to Self-Regulating Low Energy Clay-Based Irrigation (S.L.E.C.I.) System
(MDPI AG, 2025-11-19)
Malchev, Svetoslav
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Germanova, Daniela
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Kornov, Georgi
In early initial tests, the Self-regulating Low-Energy Clay-based Irrigation (S.L.E.C.I.) has provided convincing results. During the DIVAGRI project, S.L.E.C.I. irrigation was plotted against reference drip irrigation and rain-fed control in order to compare soil moisture dynamics across different soil depths (30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm), irrigation water use, cherry fruit quality traits and yield, and irrigation water productivity (IWP). The data, collected between 2021 and 2023 at the Fruit Growing Institute–Plovdiv test site, reveals that S.L.E.C.I. system demonstrates a clear robustness from short-term climate fluctuations, maintaining root-zone moisture with greater consistency across depths. This contrasts with higher climate dependency observed in the reference variants. The average water productivity of S.L.E.C.I. irrigation is more than 12 times higher compared with the average IWP for drip irrigation. Probably, the superior ratio stems from two factors: first, S.L.E.C.I. delivered only the water that root tension demanded, and second, there is almost no loss of water to evaporation or deep percolation. Statistical analysis confirms that S.L.E.C.I. reduces variability within the crop, delivering significant improvements in both productivity and uniformity, essential traits for high-value commercial fruit production. Despite facing challenges, S.L.E.C.I. remains a promising sustainable irrigation technology, supporting efficient resource utilization while reducing environmental impact.
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FIELD EVALUATION OF TOMATO CROP PRODUCTION UNDER SLECI IRRIGATION
(Journal Agriculture and Forestry, 2025-12-15)
CUKALIEV, Ordan
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KUMI, Francis
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TANSKOVIK, Vjekoslav
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Eyram Kwame AGBESI, Wisdom
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Trinath SURYADEVARA, Sai
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A scientific note on ‘Rapid brood decapping’—a method for assessment of honey bee (Apis mellifera) brood infestation with Tropilaelaps mercedesae
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-20)
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Janashia, Irakli
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Chen, Chao
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Costa, Cecilia
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Kovačić, Marin
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Standard methods for rearing and selection of Apis mellifera queens 2.0
(Taylor and Francis (United Kingdom), 2024-03-19)
Büchler, Ralph
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Bernstein, Richard
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Bienefeld, Kaspar
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Costa, Cecilia
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Fermented dairy product consumption and blood lipid levels in healthy adults: a systematic review
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-09-11)
Yilmaz, Birsen
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Alvanoudi, Panagiota
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Kalogeropoulou, Aggeliki
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Bulmuş-Tüccar, Tuğçe
Systematic review registration osf.io/h2mbe/
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Health benefits of ethnic fermented foods
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-09-26)
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Huch, Melanie
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Stoll, Dominic A.
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Cunedioglu, Hülya
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Priidik, Reimo
Systematic review registration https://osf.io/hnksr/.

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