Spirkoska, Biljana
Preferred name
Spirkoska, Biljana
Official Name
Spirkoska, Biljana
Translated Name
Спиркоска, Биљана
Alternative Name
Spirkoska, B
Spirkoska Vangelovska, B
Spirkoska-Vangeloska, B
Main Affiliation
Email
biljana.spirkoska@medf.ukim.edu.mk
31 results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 31
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Item type:Publication, Body Composition and respiratory parameters in different age groups of football players(Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2022); ; ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, BODY COMPOSITION RELATED TO BODY MASS INDEX AMONG YOUNG ELITE FOOTBALL PLAYERS(Medical faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2017); ; ; ; Abstract Introduction. Body composition is extremely important for athletes’ performance, thus assessment tools may be used to clarify their sports condition. The aim of the study was to investigate body composition measurements and maximal oxygen consumption related to body mass index (BMI) in young elite football players. Material and methods. A total of 29 young football players were divided into 3 groups related to the value of BMI: I group (n=8); II group (n=13); and III group (n=8). The subjects were submitted to the sub-maximal pulse approach on treadmill method (SchillerAg, MTM-1500 Bear, Switzerland) to measure VO 2max (ml/kg/min). A body composition analyzer (InBody720, Biospace Co, Seoul, Korea) was used to determine the body fat - BF (%), skeletal muscle - SM (%) and total body water – TW(L) including intracellular body water – ICW(L) and extracellular body water – ECW(L). For the statistical analysis, a t-test was performed upon which the significance for p<0.05 was considered. Results. The football players showed the highest VO 2 max value in the II group (p<0.05). BF showed increased value in the III group (p<0.02). SM did not show any significant difference between the groups. Body water composition showed no statistical significance. Conclusion. Due to our results, we may conclude that certain parameters may determine the condition of young athletes in order to select appropriate training procedures, proper diet, and personalized performance. Key words: football; body mass index; body composition. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The resting metabolic values related to different sport disciplines(Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2022); ; ; ; Abstract Athletes compared to physically inactive people have a higher percentage of muscle mass which is a result of their active lifestyle. Higher percentage of muscle mass contributes to higher value of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in athletes. The aim of this study is to compare the values of resting metabolic rate in different sports disciplines which will give us a general knowledge of the energy expenditure in different sports. A number of 79 male athletes from 4 different sports (handball, football, cycling and functional fitness) were included in this study. Bioelectrical analisator In Body 720, Great Britain was used for body composition analysis and indirect calorimeter Fit Mate, COSMED, (Italy) for resting metabolic rate. All participants completed questionnaires for their medical history and physical activity. The results showed that handball players have significantly higher values of height, weight and skeletal muscle mass compared to the other sports (p<0,05), while percentage of body fat was lowest among football players. Handball players have higher values for RMR compared to the other sports, but have statistically different values only compared to cyclists. Cyclists have significantly lower values for RMR compared to the other sports (p<0,05). Because RMR has a major impact on total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) we come to the conclusion that handball players have higher TDEE and they need a balanced nutritional regimen that will provide all required nutrients, preferably with a higher caloric rate. Key words: athletes; resting metabolic rate; energy expenditure - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ENERGY REGULATION BY DIFFERENT MOLECULES(Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2022); ; ; ; Abstract Energy homeostasis is regulated by several physiological systems such as endocrine, gastrointestinal, and nervous system, that contribute to maintaining the balance between energy expenditure and energy intake. Food intake as well as food utilization are essential components in the maintenance of energy balance. Exercise is a state that interferes with energy regulation, thus it has a good impact on healthy lifestyle and long lifespan. The aim of the study was to discover the possible role of some energy regulation molecules and their influence during exercise. A number of 37 scientific studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were examined from the period of the last 20 years, combining the physiological mechanisms relatedto energy regulation molecules. The Cochrane database was used by dividing molecules into different groups: anorexigenic / orexigenic molecules, incretins, adipokines, and myokines, all related to energy regulation and exercise induced metabolic changes. Thus, variety of molecules derived from the adipose tissue (Leptin, Adiponectin, IL-6 – Interleukin-6, TNF-α – tumor necrosis factor α), from the muscle tissue (Irisin, Myostatin), from intestine and gastric cells (YY - pancreatic peptide YY, GLP-1- Glucagon like peptide-1, GIP- Gastric inhibitory peptide, Ghrelin), from liver tissue (FGF-21- Fibroblast growth factor-21), from pancreatic cells (Amylin), and other molecules are being explored. To understand the exercise induced molecule action mechanisms and their interference, may be useful toward new pharmaceutical approaches, related to energy metabolism regulation. Key words: energy homeostasis; physiological mechanisms; exercise. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, COMPARISONS AND CORRELATIONS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY CHANGES REGARDING THE FUNCTIONAL FEATURES BEFORE, DURING AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE TREADMILL TEST WITH ATHLETES(Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health in Skopje, 2019); ; ; ; The need for cardiovascular screening in order to timely detect and diagnose the morphological and functional changes of the heart, which occur as a result of doing sport actively, and thus to avoid the occurrence of sudden cardiac death, is generally accepted. To achieve the objectives of the study, two noninvasive diagnostic methods for cardiovascular evaluation were used: electrocardiography (ECG) and the Bruce protocol test. The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the relationship of ECG changes to functional characteristics before, during, and/or immediately after exercise testing. This crosssectional study conducted during 2016/2017 involved 285 athletes aged 9 to 38, of both sexes. They were all given a 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest, after which personal, family and sports history and anamnesis were given, followed by a Bruce protocol test and functional parameters were examined (symptoms, metabolic equivalents, METs, test duration, exercise capacity-VO2 max, rhythm disturbance, heart rate, heart rate reserve and recovery, chronotropic incompetence (CI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure). According to ECG changes and in accordance with international recommendations for its interpretation, athletes were divided into 4 groups: with normal, physiological, borderline or abnormal ECG findings. The results showed a significant positive connection between abnormal ECG and the occurrence of rhythm disturbance during the exercise test (r = 0.119; p = 0.045); Cardiovascular capacity expressed in (METs) compared to respondents with normal ECG was significantly higher in those with physiological ECG changes (p = 0.003), HR reserve percentage was lowest among athletes with abnormal ECG, and CI had the highest percentage. It can be concluded that an athlete with borderline, abnormal, and possibly physiologically assessed ECG should undergo further evaluation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ANTHROPOMETRIC DIFFERENCES AMONG SOCCER AND BASKETBALL PLAYERS(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2017)ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of performance analysis in professional sports helps coaches to enhance the training process in sport teams. The aim of this study is to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition profiles of elite soccer and basketball players, and to detect possible differences in relation to competition level. Material and methods:This study is conducted by the Institute of Medical, Experimental and Applied Physiology and Anthropology, Medical faculty – UKIM, Skopje. Seventy-nine male subjects were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups: forty-three soccer players (22.7, ± 5 years) from elite Macedonian soccer clubs and thirty-six basketball players (22.5, ± 4 years) from elite Macedonian basketball clubs. Results: There was no significant difference in body mass index, muscle content of body and bone content between the two groups, while a significant difference was found in body height (P < 0,001), body weight (P < 0,006) and fat content of the body (P < 0,0008). It is noted that basketball players are significantly taller than soccer players. This study also indicates that basketball players are significantly heavier, with higher fat content than the soccer players. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that, describing differences in anthropometric parameters may contribute to better management in sport teams with successful sport achievements. Key words: anthropometric parameters; soccer players; basketball players. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT(Institute of knowledge management, 2024) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE HEART AS A RESULT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF PHYSICAL EXERTION(Anthropological Society of Serbia / Antropolos ko drus tvo Srbije, 2025); ; ; ; Introduction. As a result of regular physical activity/physical training, i.e. long-term participation in sports, changes in the structure and function of the heart occur, more commonly known as cardiac remodeling. Materials and Methods. The sample comprised 285 athletes of both sexes between the ages of 9 to 38. Anthropometric parameters (gender, age, height, weight) were determined, a personal and sports history was taken, and a 12- lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed in the group of studied athletes. In 54 subjects with ECG changes, 2D transthoracic echocardiography was performed. Results. Longer duration of resistance training throughout the week was statistically significantly associated with: greater left atrial (LA) internal dimension (r = 0.359, p = 0.008), greater indexed LA volume (r = 0.315, p = 0.020), lower LA ejection fraction (r = -0.380, p = 0.005), greater left ventricular (LV) internal dimension in systole (r = 0.336, p = 0.013), greater interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness in diastole (r = 0.399; p = 0.003; r = 0.347, p = 0.010; respectively), as well as a greater indexed LV mass (r = 0.326, p = 0.016; going to the gym and lifting heavier weights was shown to be associated with: greater internal dimension of the LA (r = 0.322,p = 0.018), greater internal dimension of the right atrium (RA) (r = 0.322,p = 0.018 and greater thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall in diastole (r = 0.272; p = 0.004; r = 0.397,p = 0.003). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Correlations of electrocardiographic changes in terms of anthropometric characteristics in athletes in the Republic of North Macedonia(Anthropological Society of Serbia, 2023); ; ; ; Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in athletes occur due to structural, functional and electric remodeling of the heart, as a direct result of their long-term engagement in sporting activities. The objective of this study was to establish a potential correlation of changes in the ECG pertaining to certain anthropometric characteristics. In this prospective cross-sectional study, conducted during 2016 and 2017, 285 athletes aged between 9 and 38 of both sexes were included. Anthropometric characteristics were determined on all the athletes alongside a 12-lead ECG. The average age of the respondents was 19.3±5.7. No significant correlation between the ECG characteristics and the athletes’ age was found (r = -0,009, p = 0,880). There was no significant difference in the percentage of borderline and abnormal changes of ECG in terms of sex, even though they were marginally higher in male athletes. The correlation research has shown that a normal ECG significantly correlates with females (r = -0,205, p = 0,001). The athlete subjects who had a normal ECG had a significantly shorter body height and marginally lower body weight compared to those with physiological changes in the ECG. The changes in ECG are related to the body height, weight and sex, which are most probably due to the lesser range of heart remodeling, as well as the rate of participation in sports that can contribute to ECG changes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, COMPARISON OF MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, RESTING METABOLIC RATE AND BODY COMPOSITION ANALYSIS BETWEEN AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC SPORTS(ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF SERBIA, 2023-09-27); ; ; The aim of this study is to compare the values of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition analysis between aerobic and anaerobic sports. 90 male athletes (25,34 ±5,6 age; 179,78±6.9 height/cm; 78,66±6,9 weight/kg and 24,34±2,75 BMI/ kg/m2) were tested for this study. The athletes were divided in 2 groups, I group- aerobic sports (endurance) (n=63), II group- anaerobic sports (strength) (n=26). Height was measured with stadiometer - СЕКА, body composition by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis - InBody 720, (Great Britain), RMR with indirect calorimetry- Fit Mate, COSMED, (Italy) and VO2 max with ergometric test Bruce on treadmill (ergo _run medical_α 24). Results showed that anaerobic athletes have significantly higher values of weight (83 ± 12kg) , BMI (26 ± 3 kg/m2) and body fat percentage-PBF (15 ± 8%), compared to aerobic athletes: weight (76 ±7 kg), BMI (23±1,5 kg/m2) and PBF (12 ±3 %). Aerobic athletes have significantly higher values skeletal muscle mass percentage -SMM (50 ±2%) and VO2 max (50,1 ± 4 ml/kg/min) (p<0,05) and higher values of RMR (2265 ±276 kcal/day) compared to anaerobic athletes: % SMM (48 ± 4%), VO2 max (45,9± 5 ml/kg/min) and RMR (2258 ± 314 kcal/day).Kako bi postigli više vrednosti VO2 max i bolju performasnu sportisti kombinuju submaksimalne i maksimalne trenažne sesije. To keep high SMM, endurance athletes need to have higher calorie intake. To achieve higher VO2 max values and better performance athletes tend to have combined submaximal and maximal training sessions.