COMPARISONS AND CORRELATIONS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY CHANGES REGARDING THE FUNCTIONAL FEATURES BEFORE, DURING AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE TREADMILL TEST WITH ATHLETES
Journal
Research in Physical Education, Sport and Health. International Journal of Scientific Issues in Physical Education, Sport and Health
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
The need for cardiovascular screening in order to timely detect and diagnose the morphological and
functional changes of the heart, which occur as a result of doing sport actively, and thus to avoid the
occurrence of sudden cardiac death, is generally accepted. To achieve the objectives of the study, two noninvasive
diagnostic methods for cardiovascular evaluation were used: electrocardiography (ECG) and the
Bruce protocol test. The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the relationship of ECG
changes to functional characteristics before, during, and/or immediately after exercise testing. This crosssectional
study conducted during 2016/2017 involved 285 athletes aged 9 to 38, of both sexes. They were
all given a 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest, after which personal, family and sports history
and anamnesis were given, followed by a Bruce protocol test and functional parameters were examined
(symptoms, metabolic equivalents, METs, test duration, exercise capacity-VO2 max, rhythm disturbance,
heart rate, heart rate reserve and recovery, chronotropic incompetence (CI), systolic and diastolic blood
pressure). According to ECG changes and in accordance with international recommendations for its
interpretation, athletes were divided into 4 groups: with normal, physiological, borderline or abnormal
ECG findings. The results showed a significant positive connection between abnormal ECG and the
occurrence of rhythm disturbance during the exercise test (r = 0.119; p = 0.045); Cardiovascular capacity
expressed in (METs) compared to respondents with normal ECG was significantly higher in those with
physiological ECG changes (p = 0.003), HR reserve percentage was lowest among athletes with abnormal
ECG, and CI had the highest percentage. It can be concluded that an athlete with borderline, abnormal,
and possibly physiologically assessed ECG should undergo further evaluation.
functional changes of the heart, which occur as a result of doing sport actively, and thus to avoid the
occurrence of sudden cardiac death, is generally accepted. To achieve the objectives of the study, two noninvasive
diagnostic methods for cardiovascular evaluation were used: electrocardiography (ECG) and the
Bruce protocol test. The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the relationship of ECG
changes to functional characteristics before, during, and/or immediately after exercise testing. This crosssectional
study conducted during 2016/2017 involved 285 athletes aged 9 to 38, of both sexes. They were
all given a 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest, after which personal, family and sports history
and anamnesis were given, followed by a Bruce protocol test and functional parameters were examined
(symptoms, metabolic equivalents, METs, test duration, exercise capacity-VO2 max, rhythm disturbance,
heart rate, heart rate reserve and recovery, chronotropic incompetence (CI), systolic and diastolic blood
pressure). According to ECG changes and in accordance with international recommendations for its
interpretation, athletes were divided into 4 groups: with normal, physiological, borderline or abnormal
ECG findings. The results showed a significant positive connection between abnormal ECG and the
occurrence of rhythm disturbance during the exercise test (r = 0.119; p = 0.045); Cardiovascular capacity
expressed in (METs) compared to respondents with normal ECG was significantly higher in those with
physiological ECG changes (p = 0.003), HR reserve percentage was lowest among athletes with abnormal
ECG, and CI had the highest percentage. It can be concluded that an athlete with borderline, abnormal,
and possibly physiologically assessed ECG should undergo further evaluation.
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