MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE HEART AS A RESULT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF PHYSICAL EXERTION
Date Issued
2025
Author(s)
Emini, Engin
Abstract
Introduction. As a result of regular physical activity/physical training, i.e.
long-term participation in sports, changes in the structure and function of the
heart occur, more commonly known as cardiac remodeling.
Materials and Methods. The sample comprised 285 athletes of both sexes
between the ages of 9 to 38. Anthropometric parameters (gender, age, height,
weight) were determined, a personal and sports history was taken, and a 12-
lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed in the group of studied athletes.
In 54 subjects with ECG changes, 2D transthoracic echocardiography was
performed.
Results. Longer duration of resistance training throughout the week was
statistically significantly associated with: greater left atrial (LA) internal
dimension (r = 0.359, p = 0.008), greater indexed LA volume (r = 0.315, p =
0.020), lower LA ejection fraction (r = -0.380, p = 0.005), greater left
ventricular (LV) internal dimension in systole (r = 0.336, p = 0.013), greater
interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness in diastole (r = 0.399; p =
0.003; r = 0.347, p = 0.010; respectively), as well as a greater indexed LV
mass (r = 0.326, p = 0.016; going to the gym and lifting heavier weights was
shown to be associated with: greater internal dimension of the LA (r = 0.322,p
= 0.018), greater internal dimension of the right atrium (RA) (r = 0.322,p =
0.018 and greater thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall
in diastole (r = 0.272; p = 0.004; r = 0.397,p = 0.003).
long-term participation in sports, changes in the structure and function of the
heart occur, more commonly known as cardiac remodeling.
Materials and Methods. The sample comprised 285 athletes of both sexes
between the ages of 9 to 38. Anthropometric parameters (gender, age, height,
weight) were determined, a personal and sports history was taken, and a 12-
lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed in the group of studied athletes.
In 54 subjects with ECG changes, 2D transthoracic echocardiography was
performed.
Results. Longer duration of resistance training throughout the week was
statistically significantly associated with: greater left atrial (LA) internal
dimension (r = 0.359, p = 0.008), greater indexed LA volume (r = 0.315, p =
0.020), lower LA ejection fraction (r = -0.380, p = 0.005), greater left
ventricular (LV) internal dimension in systole (r = 0.336, p = 0.013), greater
interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness in diastole (r = 0.399; p =
0.003; r = 0.347, p = 0.010; respectively), as well as a greater indexed LV
mass (r = 0.326, p = 0.016; going to the gym and lifting heavier weights was
shown to be associated with: greater internal dimension of the LA (r = 0.322,p
= 0.018), greater internal dimension of the right atrium (RA) (r = 0.322,p =
0.018 and greater thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall
in diastole (r = 0.272; p = 0.004; r = 0.397,p = 0.003).
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