Institute of Agriculture

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Start date: 2023Has files: No

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    A comparative analysis of sensory and chemical properties of grape rakija from different Macedonian producers
    (University of Banja Luka, 2026-03-05)
    Rajchin, Viktor
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    Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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    Korunovska, Biljana
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    Beleski, Klime
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    Taseska-gjorgjijevski Milena
    Rakija is a strong alcoholic beverage, deeply rooted in Macedonian cultural heritage, where quality varies significantly between industrial, small-scale, and traditional home producers. This study evaluated sensory and chemical differences among three types of producers using 30 samples of rakija from grapes (10 per group). The chemical analysis included gas chromatography (GC) for volatile compounds and analytical methods for alcohol content, specific gravity, and extract. The sensory analysis was performed by a trained panel (6 assessors) following OIV 100-point scoring scale. Spearman’s rank correlation was used for statistical data analysis. Sensory results revealed greater variability in odour and taste (CV 14–29%). Isobutanol showed a significant negative correlation with quality (ρ = -0.43 to -0.46, p < 0.017), while extreme variability in esters (CV >100%, ethyl acetate up to 5,654 mg/L) and furfural (CV 383%) was detected. In contrast, the extract content positively influenced the balance (ρ = 0.43–0.50, p < 0.017) in all of the samples. Between the producer’s groups, the traditional samples had more unpleasant aromas due to improper distillation and fermentation, as confirmed by the chemical analysis results where ethyl acetate reached up to 5,654 mg/L. Routine sensory-chemical correlations can aid quality assessment, linking traditional heritage with modern distillation methods in Macedonian rakija production.
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    INTERNATIONAL MARKETS’ INFLUENCE ON COWS` MILK IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
    (Institute of Economics – Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025)
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    Andonov, Boban
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    Mrdalj, Vesna
    ;
    Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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    Study on the phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of grape juices from white grapevine varieties
    (Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2025)
    DIMITROV, Dimitar
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    YANEVA, Teodora
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    ILIEV, Anatoli
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    ПРАКТИКУМ ПО АНАЛИЗА НА ВИНО И ЈАКИ АЛКОХОЛНИ ПИЈАЛАЦИ
    (УКИМ, 2024)
    Тасеска-Ѓорѓијевски, Милена
    ;
    Неделковски, Душко
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    Factors Influencing Rural Youth Migration in North Macedonia
    (The Faculty of Agriculture, University in Banja Luka, 2024)
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    Popovska Stojanov, Despina
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    The migration of young people from rural to urban areas poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of rural communities in North Macedonia, leading to an aging population and diminished natural growth. This trend exacerbates socioeconomic inequalities, fostering social insecurity and the exclusion of rural youth. The far-reaching consequences of this migration influence both urban and rural landscapes across various developmental domains. To that end, this research aims to investigate the impact of main socioeconomic factors on rural youth migration. A survey of 550 rural residents aged 18-40 addressed was conducted using a tailored questionnaire. The data collection approach ensured nationwide diversity across all Macedonian planning regions, nationalities, genders and village types. Data processing involved the application of standard descriptive analysis and a binary logistic regression approach. Key findings show that factors such as gender, marital status, region, nationality, education, employment and having family agricultural holdings do not significantly impact rural youth migration. On the contrary, having children, household size, perceptions of employment opportunities, urban or rural lifestyle preferences and overall rating the quality of life in rural areas exhibit notable significance. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the complexities surrounding rural youth migration. In conclusion, the logistic regression model serves as a powerful tool to pinpoint crucial factors influencing rural youth migration. These insights provide a solid foundation for shaping targeted policies, essential for retaining and supporting rural youth and fostering sustainable development in both urban and rural areas of North Macedonia.
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    IDENTIFICATION AND EXAMINATION OF CERTAIN CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS VARIETIES OF GRAPEVINE IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
    (Journal Genetika, Belgrade, 2023)
    Korunoska Biljana
    ;
    Pešić Vladan
    ;
    Bunjac Nenad
    Abstract In R.N. Macedonia has a large number of autochthonous or domestic varieties (cultivars) of grapevine that are grown as individual vines or in small, limited plantations. Until the beginning of the 20th century and before the phylloxera attack in our country, native varieties were much more represented. Autochthonous varieties existed and were cultivated for a long time in several vineyards and were characterized by stable and significant properties. These varieties are adapted to the environmental conditions where they are grown and are carriers of stable genes that can be used in further selection and hybridization to obtain new grape varieties. Therefore, it is very important for a country (region) to have autochthonous varieties in its assortment.In this paper, we considered four autochthonous grape varieties - two table varieties (Konchanka and white winter) and two wine varieties (Ohrid white, Ohrid black). We tried, according to the ampelographic description and certain characteristics of the reproductive system, to determine their origin. According to the phenotypic characteristics that refer to the centers of origin of the varieties, the studied varieties - Konchanka and White winter belong to the Eastern varieties convarietas orientalis, subconvarietas antasiatica, and the studied varieties Ohrid white and Ohrid black variety belong to the Black Sea - Balkan varieties convarietas. pontica, subconvarietas balcanica. Among the examined varieties, the properties from the second group of descriptors are described in detail according to the proposals of O.I.V. According to some codes (characteristics) there is a big difference between varieties. Also, for a more detailed differentiation of the varieties, cytological properties were examined - pollen germination and vitality, number of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis, ploidy level, percentage of fertilization (fecundation), self-fertilization (autogamy) and cross-fertilization (xenogamy). The statistical processing of the ampelography data is according to a cluster program (SPSS) that works on the binary similarity or dissimilarity as measures used to group the data and further form a clear dendogram display.