Institute of Agriculture

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Economic aspects of honey bee queen breeding: insights from a European study
(Informa UK Limited, 2024-06-14)
Dimitrov, Lazo
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Costa, Cecilia
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Meixner, Marina D.
In 2017, the European Commission initiated the EurBeST study to explore the possibilities of using selective breeding of honey bees to increase Varroa resistance traits. One of the specific aims of the study was to assess the process of honey bee queen breeding through an economic analysis. The methodology for calculating the costs of queen production (queen rearing and mating), colony evaluation and expenses for estimating breeding values is based on the Cost of Production (CoP). Cost data were collected via tailor-made questionnaires and interviews performed in five European countries (France, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Poland). The sample population consisted of 20 queen producers and 20 performance testers who participated in the study. The results showed that the average costs for queen production amounted to 22.58 e per queen, ranging from 8.22 e in Poland to 37.30 e in France. The difference between the selling price and the production cost was on average 3.08 e per queen, ranging from 15.86 e in Germany to −12.30 e in France. On average, the colony evaluation costs were 193.40 e per colony. The average cost for breeding value estimation per queen was 8.09 e. Thus, the average total cost per selected queen was 224 e. The selective breeding of honey bees is an efficient way to increase productivity, reduce colony losses, improve bee health and enable profitable operations, but it is expensive, is usually promoted, practiced and implemented by scientists and researchers, and in most cases is financed by external sources.
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Оцена на генетскиот диверзитет на локални сорти пиперка (Capsicum annuum L.) од Република Северна Македонија
(УКИМ, Факултет за земјоделски науки и храна - Скопје, 2023-07-03)
Biljana Drvoshanova
Основната цел на ова истражување е преку фенотипска карактеризација да се оцени генетскиот диверзитет на 101 локална сорта пиперка (Capsicum annuum L.) од Република Северна Македонија со идентификација на потенцијални дупликати во колекцијата, групирање на примероците врз основа на нивните сличности и идентификација на примероци со позитивни биолошки и агрономски особини и идентификација на перспективни примероци кои би можеле да се препорачаат на заинтерисирани земјоделци за производство на автохтони сорти од пиперка. Фенолошките и морфолошките својства на секој генотип (локална сорта) беа оценувани за време на вегетацијата и лабораториски по бербата. Начинот на набљудување и мерење на својствата и бележењето на податоците беше извршено според упатството дадено во меѓународниот список на дескриптори Descriptors for Capsicum (Capsicum spp.) на Меѓународниот институт за растителни генетски ресурси (IPGRI, AVRDC, CATIE, 1995). Сите анализирани локални сорти се разликуваат во однос на квалитативните и квантитативните својства, а со тоа се отфрла нултата хипотеза во истражувањето. Врз основа на анализираните 52 својства на растенијата, утврдена е голема дивергентност помеѓу испитуваните локални сорти пиперки. Според PC-анализата, најголем удел во варијабилноста на испитуваната колекција имаат својствата на плодовите (маса, ширина и дебелина на перикарп), должината на фенофазите (денови до цветање и плодоносење), својствата на листовите (должина и ширина) и висината на растенијата, за кои е утврдена највисока позитивна корелација со првата главна компонента. Примероците се класифицирани во 4 кластера со слични биолошки и агрономски особини, со примена на кластер-анализа преку пресметка на еуклидска дистанца и агломеративно хиерархиско групирање според Вард методот. Резултатите од истражувањето покажуваат дека во испитуваната колекција постои висок степен на разновидност во однос на анализираните својства. Овој труд претставува иницијална активност за соодветно управување со конзервираниот генофонд од пиперка на национално ниво. Добиени се корисни сознанија на потенцијалот на локалните сорти што би можеле да се искористат за идна селекција на нови сорти. Од друга страна, откриени се примероци со високи позитивни својства поврзани со приносот, кои би можеле релативно брзо да се направат достапни за производителите на пиперка во Македонија.
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Effect of Grafting and Growing Environment on Yield Performance of Two Bell Pepper Cultivars
(Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 2024-12)
Albina Kika Krasniqi
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Biljana Drvoshanova
Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are a globally significant vegetable, particularly valuable in the Mediterranean and Balkan regions due to their diverse uses and nutritional benefits. They are produced in open fields, as well as greenhouses. Climate change and intensive production practices pose challenges to pepper cultivation, such as increased biotic and abiotic stresses, requiring new strategies for increased yield and quality. Grafting, a technique of combining elite vegetable varieties with specific rootstocks, has emerged as a promising solution to enhance yields and resilience. This study evaluated the impact of grafting and growing environments on the yield of two bell pepper hybrids, Gelby F1 and Vedrana F1, grafted onto three commercial rootstocks under greenhouse and open field conditions. The results indicated that grafted plants, especially those on the SM Tant rootstock, generally outperformed non-grafted plants in terms of fruit mass, number of fruits per plant and marketable yield. The greenhouse environment favoured larger and heavier fruits. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting compatible rootstock/scion combinations to optimize yield and quality in specific growing conditions.
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS FRUIT SPECIES FROM MACEDONIA
(JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND PLANT SCIENCES, JAPS, 2023)
Ana Selamovska
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Milena Taseska- Gjorgjijevski
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Aleksandar Markovski
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Biljana Korunoska
The scope of this paper is determination of the content of soluble dry matters, total sugar, total acids, invert sugar and citric, malic, tartaric and lactic acid in some autochthonous fruit species: pomegranate (Zumnarija, Bejnarija, Valandovska kisela, Valandovska kiselo-slatka, Hidjas, Kisela, Lifanka, Ropkavec), apple (Ubavo cvetka, Shareno blago, Prespanka, Tetovka, Karapasha, Kozharka, Bela Tetovka) and cherry (Ohridska brza, Ohridska rana, Ohridska crna, Dolga shishka, Dalbazlija, Ohridska bela). Comparative studies were performed in relation to the standard varieties (Karamustafa-pomegranate, Idared-apple and Bigaro burlatcherry). Pomegranate fruits have the highest content of soluble dry matters (15.6%), total sugars (149 g/L) and total acids (20.1 g/L). The highest content of invert sugar was observed in pomegranate (113 g/L which means 76.3% of total sugar). In apple and cherry fruits, malic acid dominates (above 5 g/L), while in pomegranate fruits, citric and malic acids are almost equally represented. Tartaric acid is present only in apple fruits (0.383 g/L). Lactic acid was not found in all fruit species. A strong positive correlation was found between soluble dry matter and total sugar with coefficient of determination R2 = 60%. A moderate positive correlation exists between the contents of total and invert sugar with coefficient of determination R2 = 20%, between total acids and invert sugar with coefficient of determination R2 = 22% and between the content of malic and citric acid with coefficient of determination R2 = 30%. A strong negative correlation was found between the content of total acid and malic acid with coefficient of determination R2 = 37% and very strong negative correlation between malic acid and invert sugar with coefficient of determination R2 =77%.
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COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON ANTIOXIDANT CONTENT IN THE FRUITS OF SELECT INDIGENOUS VARIETIES OF FRUITS, GRAPES AND VEGETABLES
(CONTRIBUTIONS, Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences, MASA, 2021)
Ana Selamovska
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Viktor Gjamovski
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Biljana Korunoska
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Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
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Klime Beleski
In this research study, we presented the results of the chemical analysis conducted on fruits of indigenous varieties and populations of several fruit species, namely cherries, pomegranates and apples, as well as grapes and vegetables such as peppers and tomatoes. Among the samples analyzed, the pepper populations exhibited the highest concentration of vitamin C, measured at 51.25 mg/100g. Conversely, the lowest levels of vitamin C were observed in apples and grapes, approximately 9 mg/100g. When considering the overall antioxidant activity, tomatoes and peppers displayed the largest proportion of vitamin C, accounting for over 75 mg/100g. Furthermore, the highest quantity of anthocyanins was found in cherries, specifically 394.30 mg/kg FW (FW = Fresh Weight). Pomegranate varieties exhibited the greatest content of total phenols, measuring 5359.43 mg/kg FW, along with the highest fruit antioxidant activity, showing 81.58 % inhibition. As for apple varieties, they contained the highest amount of flavan-3-ols, reaching 517.98 mg/kg FW. Our analysis revealed a positive correlation between total phenols and antioxidant activity, as well as between total phenols and flavan-3-ols. Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was identified between vitamin C and flavan-3-ols.
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INFLUENCE OF THE GENOTYPE ON THE POLYPHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME BERRY FRUITS
(Genetika, 2024)
Ana SELAMOVSKA
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Elizabeta MISKOSKA-MILEVSKA
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Milena TASESKA-GJORGJIJEVSKI
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Igor ILJOVSKI
The objective of this study was to analyze the content of vitamin C, total phenols, total anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and antioxidant activity in fruits of five berry fruit species: blackcurrant variety “Rosenthal”, white mulberry local ecotype, black chokeberry variety “Viking”, blackberry variety “Thornfree” and pomegranate autochthonous variety “Karamustafa”. Determination of vitamin C was performed by classical analytical method. Total phenols, total anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and antioxidant activity were analysed by spectrophotometric methods. The obtained results from the analysis for berry fruits showed high antioxidant activity, over 70% and high content of polyphenols. According to the genotype, black chokeberry had the highest content of total phenols (23.9 mg g-1 FW (fresh weight), anthocyanins (6.1 mg g-1 FW) and flavan-3-ols (2.8 mg g-1 FW). Blackcurrant had highest content of vitamin C (216.0 mg 100 g-1 FW) and antioxidant activity (86.2% inhibition). A positive correlation was found among all the studied fruit species. A strong positive correlation of vitamin C with antioxidant activity was determined, as well as between total phenols and total anthocyanins, i.e. flavan-3-ols. A weak negative correlation was only observed for catechin in relation to vitamin C, inhibitory antioxidant activity and vitamin C antioxidant activity.
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ПРАКТИКУМ ПО АНАЛИЗА НА ВИНО И ЈАКИ АЛКОХОЛНИ ПИЈАЛАЦИ
(УКИМ, 2024)
Тасеска-Ѓорѓијевски, Милена
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Неделковски, Душко
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INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF THE TABLE GRAPE cvs. CARDINAL AND AFUS ALI
(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Skopje, 2016)
Poposka, Hristina
During three consecutive years (2012-2014) an experiment has been conducted with an aim to determine the influence of the foliar fertilization on yield and quality of table grapes, cvs. Cardinal and Afus ali. The experimental site has been established in Tikvesko Vinogorje, at vineyards of AD ,,Goce Delcev,, location’s Trstenik, Kavadarci. The experiment has been conducted according the method of random block system with seven variants and three repetitions. The foliar fertilizers with different nutrient contents were applied in concentration of 0.5 %, four times during the growing period, at the stages: before and after blooming, buckshot berries and verasion. The following characteristics were investigated: content of macro and micro nutrients in leafs and shoots, yield, mechanical analyse of grape grains and chemical properties of must. On the base of the results gained, we can bring the following conclusion: foliar fertilization with a different content of macro and micro nutrients, aplicated in the same concentration and growing stages, showed biological justification in terms of increasing the content of macro and micro elements in the leaves and shoots, yield and the quality of the grape cardinal and afus ali. In both studied varieties the highest average yields has been achieved in variant 4 (Polyfeed GG 18-9-27 + 2MgO + ME). With the cultivar cardinal, the average yield is 5,23 kg/vine and 17,01 t/ha, which is significantly higher than control variant with increasing index of 25 %. The highest average yields with variety afus ali were 5,23 kg/vine and 20,66 t/ha, with a statistically significant difference from the control variant, on the level of probability P≤0,05 and P≤0,01, with increasing of 28 %. Foliar application of this fertilizer on both varieties leaded to the highest content of macro and microelements in the leaves and shoots, best grapes quality and the highest sugar content in the must.
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Effect of foliar calcium and nitrogen treatments on yield and fruit quality of table grapes cv. Cardinal
(Agro-knowledge Journal, 2023)
Poposka, Hristina
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Mukaetov, Dusko
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Nedelkovski, Dusko
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Gjorgjijevska, T., Milena
The foliar fertilization has been used as an important agrotechnical measure to avoid deficiencies and to improve quality. During the three consecutive years, a study has been performed on Vitis vinifera L. (cv. ‘Cardinal’) to examine whether a yield and grape berry quality have been affected by the foliar application of Ca and N fertilizers. A liquid mineral fertilizer containing 40% Ca(NO₃)₂ as Variant I and 31% N with 0,015 % Fe-chelate; 0,01 % Mg – chelat as Variant II (in text) has been sprayed four times during the growing period (before and after blooming, buckshot berries, and verasion). Results showed that foliar application of calcium and nitrogen increased the yield of table grapes in all three years of research, in comparison with a control variant. The highest yields of grapes in all three years of investigations were achieved in Variant II – 4.57 kg/vine (14.85 t/ha). During the tree years of investigations, the largest mass of grape bunch and berries were recorded in Variant II (382g and 368.68g), while the lowest cluster weight was in the control variant (344g and 330.92g). With a reference to the mechanical properties of the grape berries, the highest resistance to pressure (2229.70g) and breaking resistance (364.52g) were found in Variant I, treated with Ca fertilizer. The foliar application significantly affects the mechanical properties (resistance of the berry to pressure and breaking), especially in Variant I. The application of different types of foliar fertilizers did not have any significant effect on sugar contents and total acids, compared with the control variant.
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Spatial assessment of the soil organic carbon content under different types of land use in the Ohrid valley
(Agro-knowledge Journal, 2023)
Mukaetov, Dusko
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Poposka, Hristina
Spatial assessment of key soil properties is a basic prerequisite for the evidence-based decision making and sustainable use and management of soil. The aim of this work was to estimate the spatial distribution of SOC under different types of land use, by the means of Digital Soil Mapping techniques. A site-specific soil data collection for the Ohrid valley was integrated with continuous and discrete datasets of environmental covariates, serving as predictors. The selected test area outlines the variability of factors influencing the SOC content and spatial distribution. Soil sampling locations were randomly distributed within a predefined mesh with a 1-sq.km spatial resolution and further stratified to outline different types of land use within each mash square. Soil samples were collected from 93 locations at three depths, each 20 cm apart, covering the total area of 10 thousand ha of arable land, forestland, and land under natural vegetation. A set of additional environmental dataset was collected, namely the soil map, land use map, geology map, digital terrain model and its derivatives, satellite images, climate data, as well as a set of indices NDVI, SAVI, BI etc., developed from the remote sensing datasets. Multiple linear regression was used for evaluating the regression pattern between the environmental predictors and the target variable. To estimate spatial variability, several regression tree methods were used. The results obtained using this approach have given a better spatial overview of the most vulnerable areas regarding SOC depletion. Out of 21 locations examined, the content of soil organic carbon in the top layer (0-20 cm.) of forestland was on average 6.81%, while at 22 locations examined under grassland, the average content was 4.07%. The arable land, which is under continuous human impact, had the lowest content of SOC of 2.5% under field crops and 2.61% under perennials.

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