Institute of Agriculture

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    Study on the phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of grape juices from white grapevine varieties
    (Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2025)
    DIMITROV, Dimitar
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    YANEVA, Teodora
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    ILIEV, Anatoli
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    Factors Influencing Rural Youth Migration in North Macedonia
    (The Faculty of Agriculture, University in Banja Luka, 2024)
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    Popovska Stojanov, Despina
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    The migration of young people from rural to urban areas poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of rural communities in North Macedonia, leading to an aging population and diminished natural growth. This trend exacerbates socioeconomic inequalities, fostering social insecurity and the exclusion of rural youth. The far-reaching consequences of this migration influence both urban and rural landscapes across various developmental domains. To that end, this research aims to investigate the impact of main socioeconomic factors on rural youth migration. A survey of 550 rural residents aged 18-40 addressed was conducted using a tailored questionnaire. The data collection approach ensured nationwide diversity across all Macedonian planning regions, nationalities, genders and village types. Data processing involved the application of standard descriptive analysis and a binary logistic regression approach. Key findings show that factors such as gender, marital status, region, nationality, education, employment and having family agricultural holdings do not significantly impact rural youth migration. On the contrary, having children, household size, perceptions of employment opportunities, urban or rural lifestyle preferences and overall rating the quality of life in rural areas exhibit notable significance. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the complexities surrounding rural youth migration. In conclusion, the logistic regression model serves as a powerful tool to pinpoint crucial factors influencing rural youth migration. These insights provide a solid foundation for shaping targeted policies, essential for retaining and supporting rural youth and fostering sustainable development in both urban and rural areas of North Macedonia.
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    The structure of rural households’ income in North Macedonia - A case study in Polog and Pelagonija
    (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, 2023-09-29)
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    Popovska Stojanov, Despina
    Contemporary trends in rural economic development go beyond the concept that agriculture and food production are the only functions of the rural economy and move towards a broader concept that covers all resources in the rural area, including non-agricultural activities. This paper examines rural households’ economic diversification focusing on their income structure and its impact on their well-being. The paper is based on а questionnaire survey conducted in the year 2018, through direct visits and interviews of 140 rural households from two statistical regions in North Macedonia, Pelagonija and Polog, with carefully designed study’s sample selection methodology to capture the household characteristics. The household income structure is measured as net incomes from all on-farm and off-farm activities and other financial transfers for one calendar year. The analysis has shown that the households which have only one type of income source (I. households with on-farm incomes only from agricultural activities, II. households with on-farm incomes only from non-agricultural activities) have much lower financial success than ones with mixed income sources, while non-agricultural rural households achieve the least success. In addition, households with mixed income sources, including incomes from agriculture, have better financial results than other households with mixed income sources, which do not comprise agricultural incomes. Hence, the challenge for policymakers is to identify the best mechanism to promote rural households’ economic portfolio, with a well-balanced synergy between agricultural and non-agricultural activities, based on agriculture at the centre of rural development, as complementary engines to tackle rural poverty and provide food security.
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    The weed and weedy rice impact on direct seeded rice production in North Macedonia
    (Agricultural Academy of Bulgaria (Земјоделска Академија на Бугарија), 2022)
    Dimitrovski, Trajche
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    Atanasovska, Katerina
    A study from 2017 to 2019 in 10 vilages in the rice producing region of North Macedonia was undertaken to estimate the effect of weed flora on some productive rice properties. The common production technology was implemented. Rice was direct seeded in wet conditons. The weed managent included water bed regulation in combination with herbicide application. The following properties were investigated in three replications: density and infestation of the total weeds, weedy rice and other weed species, crop density, biological, straw and paddy rice yield, harvest index and head rice yield. The results were pooled in 5 groups depending on the weed infestation level. A correlation analysis revaled significant negative effect of the total weeds and the weedy rice component on the crop density, biological yield, harvest index and paddy rice yield. The weeds controled with herbicides were not significanlty correlated and affected the productive properties indirectly as a contributing factor in the total weed density. Low infestation (0.01% to 1.00%) caused drop in paddy rice yield of 6.73%. The most severe cases of weed infestation (15.01% to 25.00%) averaged 100.08 weed tillers/m2 and caused paddy yield drop of 35.30%. These field parcels were located in a region with extensive monoculture, where weedy rice populations constituted 90.68% of the total weed flora, or 90.75 panicles/m2 against 9.33 tillers/m2 from other weed species. Some weedy rice morphotypes were easily distinguished against cultivated rice in field conditions as early as anthesis, while others were more difficult to recognize. This study confirms weedy rice as a serious threat for the direct seeded rice production in the region, and addresses the need to investigate its biology and the most suitable management practices.
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    INFLUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS TO THE PRODUCTION PRICE OF WINE GRAPES IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
    (Faculty of Agriculture of the University of East Sarajevo, 2022-11-30)
    Dimitrov, Lazo
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    Popovska Stojanov, Despina
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    Nedelkovski, Dushko
    The grape production together with the wine industry contributes about 20% of the total agricultural GDP in the Republic of North Macedonia and occupation of around 30,000 rural households. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and the instability of the world situation, the prices of raw materials in agricultural production are constantly increasing. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to assess the impact of the global economic crisis on the production price of wine grape varieties. The main approach of the comparative analysis for the production prices between the reference years 2020 & 2021 and estimated 2022 is based on established normative calculations of grapes within the Institute of Agriculture. The total costs are calculated based on variable and fixed costs of grape production. The investment and inputs costs are collected by commercial companies, suppliers of raw materials and farmers. The findings demonstrate that the average production price of grapes at total costs for 2020 & 2021 accounts in average 0.30 EUR/kg. The results from the estimations of the production price of grapes for 2022 show increase by 20%, which implies that the economic crisis has a large impact on the viticulture and wine industry. It is anticipated that the socio-economic situation of grape producers will be negatively affected. Therefore, the public policies for development of this important sector for the Macedonian agriculture should correspond to the new situation.