Institute for Physics

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Structural and optical properties of mixed phase WO3 – ZnWO4 films synthesized from thermally oxidized metallic Zn–W films
(Elsevier BV, 2026-06)
Jovanovski, Stefan
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Popović, Maja
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Novaković, Mirjana
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Tungsten-bearing compounds have attracted significant interest in recent years, especially in thin films or nano powder form, due to their photocatalytic activity stemming from their wide band gap semiconductor properties. This study presents the synthesis of mixed phase WO3–ZnWO4 films synthesized by thermal oxidation of co-sputtered metallic Zn–W films. From XRD analysis it appeared that annealing at 600 °C leads to the formation of the monoclinic Zn-tungstate phase within the WO3 matrix with crystallite size about 50 nm for both phases. The XPS analysis of the O1s peak showed mixed phase compound of WO3 matrix with about 13 at.% of ZnWO4. Raman and infrared spectroscopy further characterize the structural features, revealing the WO6 octahedral unit as main building block in the structure. The optical band gap of the annealed film was found to be 3.34 eV, indicating a wide gap semiconductor. The films displayed a UV induced Photoluminescence with broad PL spectra with emission maximum at about 2.48 eV. The study demonstrates that co-sputtering and annealing at 600 °C approach is effective for synthesizing of tungstate phase ZnWO4 within WO3 matrix.
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Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in digital mammography in the European context – a systematic review
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-08-28)
Arifi, Mirjeta Mediji
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Ristova, Mimoza M.
This systematic review examines the establishment of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) in digital mammography across 18 European countries, based on studies from 2005-2025. A total of 353 articles were identified through the comprehensive search of academic networks: Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Academia. Only 18 peer-reviewed studies met inclusion criteria – reporting Mean Glandular Dose (MGD)-based DRLs from Finland to Malta. Eight studies used patient data, four used phantom measurements, and six used both. To overcome the challenging comparison of the variety of reported parameters, we undertook some data harmonisation procedures, focusing on a common Compressed Breast Thickness (CBT) range of 50-59 mm. The DRLs varied notably by country, with 75th percentile MGDs ranging from 1.1 to 2.6 mGy and 95th percentile from 1.6 to 2.9 mGy, averaging to 1.44 mGy, which is lower than the achievable European level (2 mGy). The harmonisation approach enabled the derivation of a comparable dataset of average MGDs, facilitating cross-country comparisons and insights into radiation dose optimisation in digital mammography across Europe.
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Structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of CdWO4 films synthesized by a chemical bath deposition method
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-03-01)
Jovanovski, Stefan
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Breast Glandularity Distribution and Refining the Mean Glandular Dose Estimates in Digital Mammography
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2025-10)
Arifi, Mirjeta Mediji
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Background: In mammography, radiation dose is typically expressed as the mean glandular dose (MGD), which represents the dose delivered to the glandular tissue of the breast. Materials and Methods: This study compares MGD estimates obtained using three different methodologies: (I) MGD-Dance-Laboratory for Individualized Breast Radiodensity Assessment (LIBRA) – Calculated manually for each patient using Dance’s formula, incorporating mammographic breast density values derived from the LIBRA application, thereby replacing Dance’s standard glandularity assumption with image-specific values; (II) MGD-Dance – Calculated using Dance’s formula with the conventional assumption of 50% glandularity; (III) MGD-Displayed – Extracted directly from the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine header of each mammogram. Results: A total of 688 anonymized mammograms from 172 women undergoing routine screening were analyzed, with complete technical and patient-related data. The mean MGD values obtained by the three methods were: MGD-Dance-LIBRA: 2.97 mGy; MGD-Dance: 2.78 mGy; and MGD-Displayed: 2.81 mGy. The average glandularity across the dataset was estimated at 14%. A strong correlation was observed between MGD-Dance and MGD-Dance-LIBRA values (R² =0.9865). The refined dose estimation using image-specific glandularity from LIBRA consistently produced slightly higher values compared to the standard Dance method, highlighting the impact of the commonly assumed 50% glandularity, which overestimates the true average density. Conclusions: Incorporating individualized breast density estimates from the LIBRA application into Dance’s formula provides a more refined and accurate method for calculating MGD in digital mammography.
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Establishing Diagnostic Reference Levels in Digital Mammography from Eight Mammography Units Using over 30,000 Images
(MDPI AG, 2025-03-10)
Mediji-Arifi, Mirjeta
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Introduction: Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in digital mammography were determined from 31,040 digital mammography images acquired from diagnostic and screening examination data from eight state-managed mammography centers/units in the Republic of North Macedonia (RM). The main objective is to establish a diagnostic reference level for mammography examinations at different ranges of breast thickness. Materials and methods: Approximately 30,000 mammography images were used to evaluate mean glandular dose (MGD) and compressed breast thickness (CBT) for each projection, craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO). The stratified DRL was derived by calculating the 75th percentile of the MGD across all the samples at various CBT ranges for both projections. Results and Discussion: The overall median MGDs, minimum, and maximum were calculated to be 1.15 mGy, 0.1 mGy, and 9.93 mGy, respectively. As the CBT increased from 7 to 120 mm, the 75th percentile of the MGD increased from 0.94 mGy to 3.67 mGy for CC, and from 0.44 mGy to 4.91 mGy for MLO projections. Conclusions: The study established local DRLs for the digital mammography systems at the 75th percentile, which compared well with the values reported for other countries/regions. The DRL defined per CC and MLO image view for a specific CBT indicated that at least one mammography facility needs optimization.
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Formation of WO3 thin films from RF sputtered tungsten films by air annealing: A cost-effective approach
(National Library of Serbia, 2025)
Jovanovski, Stefan
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Popovic, Maja
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Novakovic, Mirjana
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Rajic, Vladimir
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WO3 thin films were prepared by RF sputtering metallic tungsten onto glass substrates, followed by thermal oxidation through annealing in air. This technique is straightforward, cost-efficient, and time-effective, achieving high deposition rates of 16 nm/min on average at 200 W magnetron power for the highly homogeneous W-metallic films. SEM/EDX analysis showed that after annealing at 450ᵒC in air, the RF sputtered 269 nm thick metallic W films with a round grain morphology (~30 nm) turned into 420 nm thick nearly stoichiometric transparent WO3 (tungsten (VI) oxide) film, with a dramatically changed morphology of aggregated crystal rods approximately 1 μm long. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed a biphasic crystal structure, with a dominant monoclinic phase and a minor tetragonal phase. XPS analysis revealed the characteristic W4f7/2 and W4f5/2 electron peaks associated with the W6+ oxidation state, with no evidence of W5+ species, indicating a stoichiometric nature of the WO3 films.
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Models of care and associated targeted implementation strategies for cancer survivorship support in Europe: a scoping review protocol
(BMJ, 2025-02)
Prue, Gillian
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Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna
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Kassianos, Angelos P
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Pilleron, Sophie
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Ladas, Aristea
Introduction Cancer and its treatments can lead to a wide range of side-effects that can persist long after treatments have ended. Across Europe, survivorship care is traditionally hospital-based specialist-led follow-up, leading to gaps in supportive care. Improved screening, diagnosis and treatment increase survival rates. With more individuals living with, through and beyond cancer, the predominance of the hospital-based specialist model is unsustainable, costly and resource-intensive. An understanding of what alternative Models of Care are available and the barriers and facilitators to their implementation is a first step towards enhancing supportive care across the cancer journey. The aim of this scoping review is to source and synthesise information from studies evaluating patient-oriented models of cancer survivorship supportive care for adults in Europe. Methods and analysis The scoping review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses—Scoping Review Extension guidelines and will be guided by a six-stage methodological framework. A search strategy has been developed according to the Population, Concept and Context structure and will be applied to seven databases. A targeted search of grey literature will be completed. All identified records will be screened using predefined eligibility criteria by at least two researchers and undergo full-text review for inclusion. Data pertaining to the conceptualisation, evaluation and implementation of sourced Models of Care will be extracted. Ethics and dissemination As there is no primary data, ethical approval is not required. This review will be conducted as part of the EU COST Action CA21152—Implementation Network Europe for Cancer Survivorship Care. The protocol and subsequent scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The Action involves representatives from most countries across Europe which will assist with the dissemination of the work to key stakeholders.
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Fresnel diffraction of a Laguerre–Gaussian beam of mode (l,n = 0) by a combination of a fork-shaped grating and a lens
(Journal of Modern Optics, 2025)
Suzana Topuzoski
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Comparative analysis of different nuclear medicine techniques in evaluation of renal function
(VIA MEDICA Journals, 2023)
Aleksandra Peshevska, Tanja Makazlieva, Venjamin Majstorov, Lambe Barandovski, Irena Rambabova-Bushljetik, Daniela Miladinova
Introduction: Nuclear medicine (NM) methods play an important role in the evaluation of renal function in a wide range of clinical indications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between measured GFR (mGFR) obtained by the three-plasma sample slope-intercept NM method (TPSM) — reference method vs. estimated GFR (eGFR) using Fleming’s single plasma sample method (SPSM) at 120 min, 180 min, and 240 min and correlation of reference method with eGFR with camera-based Gates’ protocol. Material and methods: A total of 82 subjects (33 male/49 female) with a mean age of 54.87 ± 15.65 years were included and mGFR value was obtained by the three-plasma sample slope-intercept NM method and eGFR was obtained with Fleming’s single sample method. eGFR was also quantified with the camera-based Gates’ protocol after i.v. application of [99mTc]Tc-DTPA. Results: Our study revealed a very strong positive significant correlation between all three SPSMs with the TPSM as the reference method. Between the Gates’ method and the TPSM in the group of patients with mGFR ≥ 61–84 mL/min/1.73 m2 and mGFR ≥ 84 mL/min/1.73 m2, a moderate positive statistically significant correlation was obtained. Conclusions: The SPSM method shows a very strong correlation with the reference and low bias in all three groups of patients and can be routinely used for GFR estimation.
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Spatial distribution and isotopic signatures of N and C in mosses across Europe
(Elsevier, 2025-01-01)
Sheila Izquieta-Rojano, Yasser Morera-Gómez, David Elustondo, Esther Lasheras, Carolina Santamaría, Julen Torrens-Baile, Renate Alber, Lambe Barandovski, Mahmut Coşkun, Munevver Coskun, Helena Danielsson, Ludwig De Temmerman, Harry Harmens, Zvonka Jeran, Sébastien Leblond, Javier Martínez-Abaigar, Encarnación Núñez-Olivera, Roland Pesch, Juha Piispanen, Gerhard Soja, Zdravko Spiric, Trajče Stafilov, Lotti Thöni, Jesús Miguel Santamaría
The accumulation of nitrogen (N) in moss tissue has proven to be a reliable marker of increasing N deposition. However, this measurement does not offer additional data about the origin of pollution. In this respect, the analysis of the N isotopic ratios might be a helpful tool in providing supplementary information about the nature of the nitrogenous species in biomonitoring surveys. Furthermore, isotopic signatures have been extensively used in the study of N and carbon (C) biogeochemical cycles. The main purpose of this study was to determine N and C elemental contents and their stable isotopes in mosses to investigate atmospheric pollution patterns across Europe. We aimed at identifying the main N polluted areas and evaluating the potential use of isotopic signatures in the attribution of pollution sources at a regional scale. With these objectives in mind, >1300 samples from 15 countries from Europe, all of them participants of the ICP-Vegetation programme 2005–2006, were analyzed for their C and N contents and δ15N and δ13C. The results were compared to those derived from EMEP model, which provided modeled deposition and emission data, as well as to the predominant land uses at the sampling sites (based on CORINE Land Cover). This evaluation suggests that additional measurements of stable C and N isotopes in mosses could be a valuable tool in European environmental surveys. Such measurements not only provide useful information for identifying probable pollution sources but also enable the quantification of their contributions, serving as biological indicators of significant environmental processes. This study presents the first quantitative assessment of major atmospheric nitrogen (N) sources based on stable isotope analysis on a European scale, establishing a framework for evaluating historical changes in N across the region.

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