Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics

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    Isolation and Identification of Basic Components of Aristolochia macedonica
    (Savez farmaceutskih društava Jugoslavije, 1980-06-19)
    Bojan Podolešov
    ;
    Zoran Zdravkovski
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    Structural and optical properties of mixed phase WO3 – ZnWO4 films synthesized from thermally oxidized metallic Zn–W films
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-06)
    Jovanovski, Stefan
    ;
    Popović, Maja
    ;
    Novaković, Mirjana
    ;
    Tungsten-bearing compounds have attracted significant interest in recent years, especially in thin films or nano powder form, due to their photocatalytic activity stemming from their wide band gap semiconductor properties. This study presents the synthesis of mixed phase WO3–ZnWO4 films synthesized by thermal oxidation of co-sputtered metallic Zn–W films. From XRD analysis it appeared that annealing at 600 °C leads to the formation of the monoclinic Zn-tungstate phase within the WO3 matrix with crystallite size about 50 nm for both phases. The XPS analysis of the O1s peak showed mixed phase compound of WO3 matrix with about 13 at.% of ZnWO4. Raman and infrared spectroscopy further characterize the structural features, revealing the WO6 octahedral unit as main building block in the structure. The optical band gap of the annealed film was found to be 3.34 eV, indicating a wide gap semiconductor. The films displayed a UV induced Photoluminescence with broad PL spectra with emission maximum at about 2.48 eV. The study demonstrates that co-sputtering and annealing at 600 °C approach is effective for synthesizing of tungstate phase ZnWO4 within WO3 matrix.
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    Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in digital mammography in the European context – a systematic review
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-08-28)
    Arifi, Mirjeta Mediji
    ;
    Ristova, Mimoza M.
    This systematic review examines the establishment of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) in digital mammography across 18 European countries, based on studies from 2005-2025. A total of 353 articles were identified through the comprehensive search of academic networks: Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Academia. Only 18 peer-reviewed studies met inclusion criteria – reporting Mean Glandular Dose (MGD)-based DRLs from Finland to Malta. Eight studies used patient data, four used phantom measurements, and six used both. To overcome the challenging comparison of the variety of reported parameters, we undertook some data harmonisation procedures, focusing on a common Compressed Breast Thickness (CBT) range of 50-59 mm. The DRLs varied notably by country, with 75th percentile MGDs ranging from 1.1 to 2.6 mGy and 95th percentile from 1.6 to 2.9 mGy, averaging to 1.44 mGy, which is lower than the achievable European level (2 mGy). The harmonisation approach enabled the derivation of a comparable dataset of average MGDs, facilitating cross-country comparisons and insights into radiation dose optimisation in digital mammography across Europe.
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    Preparation of CuWO4 films by thermal annealing of simultaneously RF/DC magnetron co-sputtered Cu–W films
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-10)
    Jovanovski, Stefan
    ;
    Popović, Maja
    ;
    Novaković, Mirjana
    ;
    Jugović, Dragana
    ;
    Gloginjić, Marko
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    Breast Glandularity Distribution and Refining the Mean Glandular Dose Estimates in Digital Mammography
    (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2025-10)
    Arifi, Mirjeta Mediji
    ;
    Background: In mammography, radiation dose is typically expressed as the mean glandular dose (MGD), which represents the dose delivered to the glandular tissue of the breast. Materials and Methods: This study compares MGD estimates obtained using three different methodologies: (I) MGD-Dance-Laboratory for Individualized Breast Radiodensity Assessment (LIBRA) – Calculated manually for each patient using Dance’s formula, incorporating mammographic breast density values derived from the LIBRA application, thereby replacing Dance’s standard glandularity assumption with image-specific values; (II) MGD-Dance – Calculated using Dance’s formula with the conventional assumption of 50% glandularity; (III) MGD-Displayed – Extracted directly from the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine header of each mammogram. Results: A total of 688 anonymized mammograms from 172 women undergoing routine screening were analyzed, with complete technical and patient-related data. The mean MGD values obtained by the three methods were: MGD-Dance-LIBRA: 2.97 mGy; MGD-Dance: 2.78 mGy; and MGD-Displayed: 2.81 mGy. The average glandularity across the dataset was estimated at 14%. A strong correlation was observed between MGD-Dance and MGD-Dance-LIBRA values (R² =0.9865). The refined dose estimation using image-specific glandularity from LIBRA consistently produced slightly higher values compared to the standard Dance method, highlighting the impact of the commonly assumed 50% glandularity, which overestimates the true average density. Conclusions: Incorporating individualized breast density estimates from the LIBRA application into Dance’s formula provides a more refined and accurate method for calculating MGD in digital mammography.