Digital Technologies and ICT Tools as Enablers of Learning and Innovation in the SME Sector

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between the level of digital maturity and innovation of SMEs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a particular focus on the role of ICT as one of the drivers of innovation within the enterprise. Based on data collected from 304 enterprises from different sectors, a composite ICT index was created that quantifies the level of digital maturity of enterprises, as well as an innovation index that measures their activities in the field of innovation. Using descriptive statistics, sectoral segmentation, and K-means cluster analysis, the paper identifies significant differences in the level of digitalization between sectors, and also companies a positive relationship between a higher ICT index and greater innovation. The results show that enterprises with a higher level of digital maturity also achieve a higher level of innovation, while enterprises with a lower ICT index show a lower propensity to innovate. Based on the analysis, three clusters were formed that clearly distinguish enterprise profiles according to digital-innovation behavior. Furthermore, the findings of this research provide an empirical basis for the development of a targeted policy to support the digital transformation of sectoral SMEs, while identifying sectors with the lowest digital capacities as priorities for government intervention. The results obtained should be viewed with caution due to the subjectivity of the respondents' responses. As a practical suggestion, vouchers for digital tools and reskilling programs for the construction and hospitality sectors could accelerate the digital literacy of these companies. The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between digital technologies and the innovation capabilities of enterprises in a transitional economic context.