Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food

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Technical efficiency of Macedonian pig farms
(Hrvatsko agroekonomsko društvo – Agroeconomia Croatica, 2013-09)
Petrovska, Marina
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Martinovska-Stojceska, Aleksandra
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Öhlmer, Bo
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The economic transition and market globalization processes have triggered structural changes in the Macedonian agriculture and influence on the efficiency and competitiveness in the pig production sub-sector. This paper aims to identify the level of technical efficiency on pig farms in the Republic of Macedonia. The Data Envelopment Analysis approach is used to measure the efficiency level, taking into consideration the exact quantity of inputs used in the production in relation to a given quantity of output. The data is analysed by making comparative analyses of the managerial behaviour and other non-measurable variables that influence the efficiency. The results determine what managerial activities influence the efficiency. They indicate the type and level of inputs that need to be changed, so that farms could reach the same technical efficiency achieved by the best farmers.
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Attitudes of Macedonian Farmers towards EU accession
(Hrvatsko agroekonomsko društvo – Agroeconomia Croatica, 2013-09)
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Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Öhlmér, Bo
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Macedonia has been a candidate-country for EU membership since 2005. The EU integrative process, without doubt, will have an impact on the Macedonian economy and particularly on the agricultural sector. So far, the farmers’ attitude and intentions with regard to the EU integration and accession have not been thoroughly investigated. Respectively, the objective of the paper is to provide understanding of the Macedonian farmers’ attitude and behavioural intentions in the context of EU accession and the potential policy and market changes. Furthermore, another issue is to establish whether there are significant discrepancies among farmers and their attitude towards EU accession. The results revealed that the farmer community in the country is quite heterogeneous in terms of farm and farmers’ profiles and farm management practices. The cluster analysis suggests that there are four clusters according to which the variables explaining the attitudes were significantly different, provisionally labelled as “optimist “, “moderate”, “restrained” and “sceptic”.
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Evaluating an information campaign about rural development policies in (FYR) Macedonia
(Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), 2016)
Martin Huber
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Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Anna Solovyeva
This paper investigates the effects of an information campaign about a governmental rural development program (RDP) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on the farmers’ intention to participate in the RDP. In the course of a survey among farmers, the treatment group received an information brochure with relevant details on selected RDP measures, while the control group received no information. Even though the intervention had been planned as experiment, randomization was not properly conducted, requiring sample adjustments and controlling for observed covariates in the estimation process. The results suggest that while the intervention succeeded in informing farmers, it had a negative, albeit marginally statically significant, effect on farmers’ reported possibility and intention to use RDP support in the near future. Evidence from further outcome variables suggests that this may be due to the information about administrative burden associated with RDP participation provided in the brochure. We also find that the negative effect is driven by the subsample of unprofitable farmers.
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Financial effects from introduction of European egg marketing standards on the layer farms in R. Macedonia
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2017)
Dimitrievski, Zarko
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Azderski, Jovan
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This paper presents the financial effects from introduction of the new EU method for grading the eggs according the size (weight) in 4 classes instead of Macedonian method of grading in 7 weight classes based on the comparative analyze of production records in three flocks of ISA commercial layers (Flock 1 - 18125, Flock 2 – 17587, Flock 3 - 16818). The comparison of the financial effects of the introduction of the EU grading system is made by the partial budgeting analysis. Application of European model for egg grading resulted in increased income of about 18-37 denars per average hen-day layer that improves the financial effects at the layer farms. Expressed per unit of production, egg grading based on the egg weight in 4 classes results in increased income per unit of production of 0.1-0.2 denars and is significant increase of the farm profitability knowing that each layer produces around 300 eggs during one production cycle of one year. Hence, the use of standards goes beyond marketing aspects, and can financially support the market without budgetary implications.
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DECISION MAKING FACTORS ON FAMILY FARMS: A COMPARISON OF MACEDONIAN AND IRISH FARMS
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food- Skopje, 2017)
Radinoska, Elena
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Family farming is the most common farming model in Europe. However, family farms vary in terms of their size and available resources, as well as the economic, agro-environmental and social contexts they operate in. There are many internal and external factors influencing the decision-making process on family farms, so often this process is based on boundary rationality. The aim of this research is to identify and compare the factors that influence the decision-making process of family farms in two countries with different working environments; Republic of Macedonia and Republic of Ireland. The research is based on observations of the agricultural infrastructure in both the R. Macedonia and the R. Ireland; a survey of family farms in both countries; and lastly informal conversation with the farmers. The implementation of the survey took place in July 2017, with 30 questionnaires in total (15 in each country). The results showed differences in general external factors, whereas specific external factors are more similar in both countries. In terms of internal factors, differences are most often present in the perception farmers have for farming as an occupation that they pass on to future generations.
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Determinants of rural development support use in Macedonia, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Asssociation of Agricultural Economists of the Republic of Macedonia, 2016)
Martinovska Stojceska, Aleksandra
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Bogdanov, Natalija
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Nikolic, Aleksandra
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The aim of this paper is to identify the internal and external factors that form the farmers’ intentions in relation to the use of the rural development support and explain their behaviour, in order to design an appropriate assistance plan to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the rural development policy. The analysis is based on the theory of planned behaviour and multivariate statistics applied on data gathered in a survey of about 900 farmers that took place in November-December 2014 in Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The findings confirm that farmers’ intentions are influenced by the past behaviour (application), their attitudes towards the use of rural development support and the possibilities for co-financing. The social norms are mostly important in Serbia, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina. Other socioeconomic factors, such as education, market orientation, farm size and the share of household’s income from agriculture, have different impact among the countries.
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Application of the agricultural policy measures (APM) tool: Evidence from Macedonia
(Asssociation of Agricultural Economists of the Republic of Macedonia, 2016)
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Janeska Stamenkovska, Ivana
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The differences in the budgetary support of agriculture among countries, but also among years, hinder the process of evaluation of the harmonization with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Agricultural Policy Measures (APM) tool enables uniform classification of the agriculture policy measures combining the pillar concept of the CAP and the OECD classification. This paper presents the application of the APM for the Macedonian agricultural policy for the period 2008-2014. The findings confirm the commitment for gradual harmonization with the CAP, but also identify the needs for further adjustments of the policy and the applicability of this database for conducting policy analysis and impact evaluation.
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CAPTURING THE FARMLAND MARKET DATA IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2016)
Gjosevski, Dragan
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Pesevski, Mile
The capital farmland market in the Republic of Macedonia is underperforming and lacks of transparency. The limited availability for pricing information on farmland hinders the establishment of a functioning and transparent land market. Even though farmland markets typically exhibit a low rate of transactions, the land price may vary due to different factors. Hence, the prime aim is to detect initial records on the farmland prices, and to explain the influence of the factors that may affect the farmland price. The data collection is based on the desk and field research methods. The desk research was based on data reported in the Official Gazzetes of the RM during the period from January to December 2013, resulting in 1100 observations on the price of arable land and gardens. The field survey covered 244 respondents and was conducted by using the focus group approach during February 2014. The questionnaire included two points for discussion: 1) The lowest, mid and the highest price of the landmark i.e. the hypothetical property, and 2) The factors that influence the price. The results show that there are differences in the observed farmland prices resulting from the desk and field research. The average farmland price resulting from the desk research is 1 €/m2, while the one from the field survey is 1.53 €/m2. However, there are differences in the prices between regions as well, due to different factors affecting the farmland price. Density showed the strongest positive correlation with the farmland price, meaning that higher density increases the price, and vice versa. Other factors influence the farmland price as well. These initial results shall serve as a basis for future development of permanent records on the farmland price data, which are necessary to persuade timely information on the farmland market value and ease the farmland transactions.
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COOPERATION ATTITUDES OF FARMERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA IN THE PROCESS OF RDP GRANT APPLICATION
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2016)
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Martinovska Stojceska, Aleksandra
The dispersion of information at local level, social capital and cooperation between farmers are very important aspects for institutional growth and development. With the recognized importance of cooperative action and the benefits of the rural development programs for the rural areas and population in transition countries, there is a need for deeper insight into the factors that affect the (dis)incentives for cooperation among the farmers in Macedonia. The study was designed as an exploratory research by employing descriptive statistical analysis and hypotheses testing in order to open potential issues for further research. The results indicate that farmers recognize the benefits of cooperatives and cooperation. The underdeveloped social capital and lack of trust and information are the main factors that influence the cooperation attitudes of farmers in the country.
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BEHAVIORAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2016)
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Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Rural development (RD) policy is essential for sustainable development and continuous improvement of the quality of life of rural people. Despite the relative importance of RD policy, its implementation is lagging behind the direct payments support, partly because of the farmers’ unengaged interest. The aim of this paper is to identify the key behavioral factors that influence farmers’ intention to apply for RD support. The analytical framework is based on the theory of planned behavior, where the individual intention to perform a given behavior (apply for RD support) determines the performance and is shaped by the individual attitudes, social support and the perceived behavioral control; and a structural equation model. The survey took place in November-December 2014, in face-to-face interviews covering 299 farm households in Macedonia. Farmers with more positive attitude and perceived behavioral controls have stronger intention to use the RD support available. The model explains two-thirds of the variance. This knowledge provides basis for designing interventions to maximize farmers’ use of available rural development funds.

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