Institute of Economics

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    TOWARD A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH OF CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODEL
    (Pulp and Paper Research Institute, 2025-10-16)
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    CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH EVIDENCE FROM NORTH MACEDONIA
    (Institute of Economics-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia, 2025-11)
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    Josimovska, Tea
    Abstract: Sustainable economic growth has become a central priority for countries striving to balance economic development with environmental protection and social well-being. The concept of the circular economy (CE), which emphasizes resource efficiency, waste reduction and innovation is in icreasingly recognized as a pathway to achieving long-term sustainability. Estimating an extended Cobb–Douglas production function that incorporates traditional growth drivers (capital, labour) alongside sustainability-related variables (resource productivity, renewable energy,), the paper tests the hypothesis whether the higher resource productivity and renewable energy use, contributes positively to GDP growth while reducing environmental pressures (decreasing CO₂ emissions). The estimation is made with ARDL model and use annual time-series data for North Macedonia (NM) covering the period from 2000 – 2023. The research findings* reveal that economic growth in North Macedonia is driven by the traditional factors, especially labour. Also, a 1% increase in resource productivity is associated with a 0.75% increase in GDP is strong and direct validation of the circular economy concept. It shows that North Macedonia can achieve economic growth not just by extracting and using more resources, but by using them more efficiently. This finding directly supports the idea of "decoupling" economic growth from environmental degradation.
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    ADVANCING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA: PRINCIPLES, POLICIES, AND STRATEGIC ACTIONS
    (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Institute of economics- Skopje, 2025-04)
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    THE EVOLVING LANDSCAPE OF ESG RATINGS: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THEIR ROLE IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY
    (University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, 2025-05-22)
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    Angelova, Ivana
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    NORTH MACEDONIA’S DEMOGRAPHIC FUTURE: INSIGHTS FROM THE POPULATION PROJECTIONS
    (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025-11-02)
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    DIGITAL SKILLS AND HUMAN RESOURCES: A KEY DRIVER OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN NORTH MACEDONIA, KNOWLEDGE
    (Institute of Knowledge and Management, 2025)
    Boshkoska Klisaroski M., Petroska-Angelovska N., Hadzi Naumova-Mihajlovska K
    In times of global digital transformation, the development and application of digital skills is a key factor for the productivity and competitiveness of the employees. This paper analyzes the level of application of digital skills among employees in the Republic of North Macedonia, by investigating their knowledge, abilities, and readiness to use information and communication technologies (ICT) in everyday professional activities. Through a survey, insight is gained into the real situation of digital literacy and the need for training, retraining, and continuous learning. The results show that, although a large part of employees successfully use mobile devices, email, social networks, and basic office applications, there is still a deficit of advanced digital competencies, especially in areas such as software installation, multimedia editing, programming, and cybersecurity. The paper in detail elaborates the different types of digital skills according to the European DigComp framework and identifies 21 key competencies grouped into five categories. It also reviews global and European initiatives, strategies, and instruments aimed at strengthening digital literacy among people of all ages. The research also points to differences in digital skills based on age, geographical location, educational and socio-economic status. The conclusion points to the need for a systemic approach to digital transformation through educational policies, public-private partnerships, and structured training for employees. The increased involvement of institutions and companies in creating conditions for adapting to the digital society is also of crucial importance. Inclusive economic growth can be achieved, and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution can be successfully addressed only through the full readiness of human resources.
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    DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND HR:CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMPANIES IN NORTH MACEDONIA,
    (UdEkoM Balkan, 2024-12)
    Boskoska Klisaroski M., Hadzi Naumova -Mihajlovska K., Josimovska T.,
    Digital transformation (DT) is a process of integrating digital technology into all aspects of business, fundamentally changing how businesses operate and deliver value to customers. For successful DT, the human factor is more important than the technology itself. Therefore, this research* aims to explore the perception of human resources regarding the impact of DT in companies, specifically investigating their adaptation to ICT and the role of stakeholders in the digital transformation process. The authors conducted an online survey of 1000 employees in North Macedonia. The research focuses on what role employees play in addressing the impacts of DT. The statistical data from the questionnaire shows that the new technology will enable the employees to be more productive at their work and will help jobs to become less boring, repetitive, stressful, or mentally demanding. These results are crucial for decision-makers who must take responsibility for guiding employees through the process of DT.
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    TRADE-OFF BETWEEN LIQUIDITY AND PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PHARMACAUTICAL SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
    (Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business, 2019)
    Snezhana Hristova, Dushica Stevchevska-Srbinoska, Ivona Mileva and Angela Zafirova
    The relationship between liquidity and profitability is one of the most interesting topics in the corporate finance re- search. Having in mind that the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most competitive sectors globally and that its substantial investments in research and development make this industry a key asset for a country’s economic well-being, this paper examines the liquidity-profitability trade off in pharmaceutical sector of RNM. The empirical research en- gages the secondary annual financial report data of the two pharmaceutical companies listed on Macedonian Stock Exchange (MSE) over the period from 2006-2016. Current ratio (CR), quick ratio (QR) and cash ratio (CAR) were used as measures of liquidity while return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) were used to measure profitability as a dependent variable. The statistical tests used to evaluate the effects of liquidity on profitability involved descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. The findings suggest that there is no significant relationship between profitability and liquidity determinants of the listed North Macedonian pharmaceutical firms. Regarding practical implications, these findings can help managers overcome dilemmas with respect to the liquidity and profitability trade- off. Furthermore, this study contributes to the existing re- search base in this field and represents one of the pioneer attempts in the case of RNM. The results gained from the research are very important for companies themselves, but they can also serve as a starting point for future research to eliminate financial and other corporate issues related to the relationship between profitability and liquidity determinants.