Institute of Agriculture

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TIMING OF INOCULATION WITH SELECTED WINE BACTERIA ON THE KINETICS OF MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF VRANEC WINE FROM TIKVESH WINE REGION
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, 2019)
Goran Milanov
;
Dushko Nedekovski
;
Milena Taseski-Gjorgjijevski
The aim of this investigation is to determine the influence of timing of inoculation of four different lactic bacterias by co inoculation during the fermentation and post-fermentation of Vranec variety, to obtain more balanced wines with refined aromas. VP 41, ML Prime, O-Mega and PN4 are the types of commercial available lactic bacterias produced by Lallemand producer, used in malolactic fermentation (MLF) of wine Vranec. The kinetic of transformation of malic into lactic acid was measured. Also, chemical composition of wine (alcohol strength, specific gravity, total extract, total acids, volatile acids, pH, free and total SO2) wasperformed. The sensory descriptive analysis was performed. Seven wine experts were involved for the descriptive evaluation of the investigated wines.
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POTENTIAL AND POSSIBILITIES OF REBO – NEW GRAPEVINE VARIETY (Vitis vinifera L.) IN GROWING CONDITIONS IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
(Goce Delcev University of Štip, 2019)
Dushko Nedelkovski1
;
Klime Beleski
;
Goran Milanov1
;
Venelin Roychev
;
Violeta Dimovska
Rebo (Rigotti 107-3) is a vine variety that originates from Trentino, North Italy. It was selected by the researcher Rebo Rigotti by crossing the varieties Merlot x Terlodego at the agriculture and forest experimental station in S. Michele all’ Adige. According to the literature the idea of the breeder was to produce new variety that would be similar to Merlot but more resistant to cold climate conditions. Our idea to plant Rebo in Macedonia was to grow this variety on sites with higher altitude locations that are difficult for growing Merlot. The vineyard for this study is located in the north part of Macedonia on the mountain German near the town of Kriva Palanka, area typical for growing frost resistant varieties. In this research paper we analyzed the mechanical structure of the grape cluster and berries, the quantity of sugar and titratable acids in the grapes. In the wine we analyzed the quantity of total phenols, total anthocyanins, wine colour (CI;H), total flavan-3-ols and standard chemical analysis of the wine
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YIELD AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF GRAPEVINE AS AFFECTED BY MAGNESIUM AND IRON FOLIAR NUTRITION
(Goce Delcev University of Štip, 2019)
Hristina Poposka
;
Dusko Mukaetov
;
Dusko Nedelkovski
The aim of this study was to evaluate foliar fertilizers (Magni mag helat and Magni fer helat) effects on yield, quality parameters and nutrient contents of the leaves of vine cultivar Cardinal in comparison to control variant (without foliar fertilizer). Field trials has been organised according the method of random block system with three variants (including control variant I) in three repetitions. Foliar fertilizers were applied in concentration of 0.5 %, four times during the vegetation period (before and after blooming, buckshot berries and version). Results for 3 years indicated that Mg and Fe fertilizers application affected the yield of grape and its quality. Fertilized Variant III had higher average yield with 14.87 t/ha. Foliar fertilizing with Fe has significant effect on increasing of: total cluster weight, berries weight per cluster and percentage of berries. Treated variants had a lower weight of skin and seeds, compared with the control. A substantial influence of foliar fertilizers on analysed element contents in leaves has been identified, also. The 3-years average content of macro and micro elements showed higher content of P (0.35 %), Ca (3.03 %), N (2.25 %), Mn (133.24 mg/kg) and Cu (18.18 mg/kg), at Variant II. Results of leaf tissue confirmed some antagonistic relations between analysed elements, like: Fe/P, Mg/K and Fe/Mn.
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE RUNNER ORDERING OF THE PLANTS ON THEIR QUALITY, ROOTING AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRIES
(Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke /Proc. Nat. Sci, Matica Srpska Novi Sad,, 2010)
Ana T. Selamovska, Olga V. Najdenovska
In this work, we presented the influence of the runner ordering of the plants on their quality, percentage of root hair formation, and yield of two varieties of strawberries: Senga Sengana and Pocahontas depending on the time of planting. The runner ordering of plants and time of their planting have influence on the quality of plants, the percentage of root hair formation after the planting, and the yield. There has been established strong correlation among the diameter of the crown and the rooting when planted and the yield. Primary plants have higher quality, with bigger diameter of the crown, they take root better, and they have higher yield than secondary plants. Rosettes planted in August have higher yield than the ones planted later.
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Influence of gender equality on sustainable development of villages in the Republic of Macedonia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2017-10)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj, Marija
;
Gorgievski, Blagoja
Sustainable rural development is important for the society, posing a challenge for rural households, in terms of ensuring continuous improvement of the quality of life and wellbeing for present and future generations. The equal participation of rural women and men is crucial for sustainable development but still remains a complex goal. The aim of this paper was to review the status of women in rural areas from the perspective of gender balance and to highlight the role of the equality in the activities related to sustainable rural development. The methods of descriptive statistics of data were used to process the official data for gender balance in the labour market. Additionally, a field interview for gender equality in decision-making and management was conducted on 140 rural households in Macedonia. The findings demonstrate that the employment rate of rural women amounted to 34%, what is lower than the employment rate of men in rural areas (66%). According to the structure of the status of employees in rural areas, women in the “unpaid family workers” category amounted to 8%, compared to women in urban areas amounting to only 1%. Additionally, the data from the field research show that rural women have very low levels of decision-making in the family and leadership of family businesses, especially in the rural areas with predominantly Muslim population. By identifying gender-differentiated opportunities and constraints, policy makers in Macedonia can develop gender-responsive actions that can lead to more effective measures for the overall improvement in natural resources management.
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Model of regional development through rural areas as rural economic development poles: case of the Republic of Macedonia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2017-10)
Gorgievski, Blagoj
;
Gjosheva Kovachevikj, Marija
During the regional economic development certain rural areas become attractive owing to concentration of economic activity through different channels of economy of scale, external economies and agglomeration of economic activities. Its has been formed like rural areas with certain formative economic development forces. Furthermore, their “spread effects” from growth poles cause induced growth in the remaining peripheral areas. These rural areas as a rural regional development poles are able to generate respectable economic impact in the geographical area becoming pole of the rural development in a certain rural region. In the Republic of Macedonia the model of regional economic development trough rural areas as a rural economic development poles need to have a major role in the formulation of a rural regional economic development policy, respecting the specificities of the regional development of small and underdeveloped economy.
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Rural economic development strategy through priority rural sectors in the Republic of Macedonia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2016-10)
Gorgievski, Blagoj
;
Gjosheva Kovachevikj, Marija
The rural areas of development strategy is an inhabited territory where the social, economic and residential evolutions are led within the framework of an integrated and prospective project of development. The rural pole is not a small town, an agglomeration, but they are treated as a whole and guided by an integrated project of territory. Initially, this study are focused to priority regional sub-sectors in R. Macedonia in order to identify the major weaknesses to be addressed and potentials to be boosted. Furthermore, the elaboration refers to assessment development strategy of priority economic sectors in the rural areas, defining the main problems, possible solutions to solve them. The analysis of the regional differences is also included in the paper as well as the differentiation and prioritisation in itself . In terms of the structural adjustment through priority rural areas of the country's, the emphasis of study will be placed in particular on increased production competitiveness and higher quality of products. For that goal have to pay attention to measures at improving the competitiveness of economically viable agricultural holdings and food industry in selected sub-sectors through proper investment policies.
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Economic diversification of rural households in the Republic of Macedonia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2016-10)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj, Marija
;
Gorgievski, Blagoja
Sustainable rural development is vital to the national social and economic situation of the Republic of Macedonia since 43% of the population lives in rural areas, which make up 86.7% of the total territory. Most of the rural households are engaged in agriculture (primarily family farms) and very small portion in other activities. Agricultural wages tend to be significantly lower than other sectors and almost half of the labour force is consisting from unpaid family members. To that end, modern understanding of rural development exceeds the concept that agriculture is the only non-urban element of territorial areas and move to a broader concept that refers to all resources of the territory and its entire economic structure: natural and human resources, crafts, small industrial facilities, tourism, recreation etc. The goal of this paper is to review the new direction of rural development in Macedonia - income diversification, focused on contribution of non-farm activities to total rural household incomes. The methods of descriptive statistics of data analysis were used to process official data for incomes, from State Statistical office. The findings demonstrate that number of rural households with incomes from non-agricultural activities accounts only 16%, with highest proportion (69%) of households with share of only up to 10% of non-farm incomes in total turnover. Policy for strengthening of the conditions for development of the rural diversification activities, as one of the tool for economic stability of rural households is recommended to be one of the highest governmental strategic priorities for rural development.
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Economic optimization of the apple investment and growing system alternatives in Republic of Macedonia
(University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, 2014-10)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj, Marija
;
Dimitrov, Lazo
Apple, among all fruits production, has traditional importance and contribution to the Macedonian economy. The favour agro-climatic conditions, combined with the long-lasting tradition, generated human capacity and expert knowledge offer huge potential for growing apples and development of this economic branch. The apple production in Republic of Macedonia is insufficient and uncompetitive on domestic and foreign markets as result of insignificant intensity of the growing system, poor productivity and high production and investment costs. In order to identify the optimum investment and supreme apple growing system alternative, the economic optimization analysis were performed. For the purposes of this analysis, a field study has been conducted on 39 apple producing farms in the Pelagonia region for the production years of 2009 and 2010. Additionally, the production information are updated with data for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 based on rapid research, semi-structured interview with the main stakeholders in supply chain and official statistics. The investment calculations have been used to determine the comparative advantages of the investment in different growing system models. The economic justification to invest in the different growing system was assessed based on the standard indicators for investment evaluation as: internal rate of return, net present value and payback period. The findings show that economic performance of the apple farming depends on the apple growing system. Although, the highly intensive method of apple growing require much higher investment costs, it brings better results than the dominant extensive growing method with low plant density.
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Centralized and decentralized approach to economic development policy with particular emphasis on the Republic of Macedonia
(Faculty of Economics, University of Nis, 2014-10-17)
Gorgievski, Blagoj
;
Gjosheva Kovachevikj, Marija
The possible more central or more decentral arrangements of development economic policy are located between two polar cases: at one pole, we have an arrangement where only the central level of government is responsible for overall economic development policy and at the other pole, neither any subcentral unit of government, which are to be supported to have any serious influence for creating effective subcentral economic policy using relevant own instruments to achieve the given goal. The paper is evaluating the consequences of a decentralization vs. centralization in the field of development economic policy so, in the sense that the current allocation of jurisdiction is changed in the direction of decentral arrangement. Special considerations in this approach are manifested in R. Macedonia as a small and developing economy with relatively high centralized economy which opens the process of economic decentralization.

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