Institute of Agriculture

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COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON ANTIOXIDANT CONTENT IN THE FRUITS OF SELECT INDIGENOUS VARIETIES OF FRUITS, GRAPES AND VEGETABLES
(CONTRIBUTIONS, Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences, MASA, 2021)
Ana Selamovska
;
Viktor Gjamovski
;
Biljana Korunoska
;
Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
;
Klime Beleski
In this research study, we presented the results of the chemical analysis conducted on fruits of indigenous varieties and populations of several fruit species, namely cherries, pomegranates and apples, as well as grapes and vegetables such as peppers and tomatoes. Among the samples analyzed, the pepper populations exhibited the highest concentration of vitamin C, measured at 51.25 mg/100g. Conversely, the lowest levels of vitamin C were observed in apples and grapes, approximately 9 mg/100g. When considering the overall antioxidant activity, tomatoes and peppers displayed the largest proportion of vitamin C, accounting for over 75 mg/100g. Furthermore, the highest quantity of anthocyanins was found in cherries, specifically 394.30 mg/kg FW (FW = Fresh Weight). Pomegranate varieties exhibited the greatest content of total phenols, measuring 5359.43 mg/kg FW, along with the highest fruit antioxidant activity, showing 81.58 % inhibition. As for apple varieties, they contained the highest amount of flavan-3-ols, reaching 517.98 mg/kg FW. Our analysis revealed a positive correlation between total phenols and antioxidant activity, as well as between total phenols and flavan-3-ols. Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was identified between vitamin C and flavan-3-ols.
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IDENTIFICATION OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS AND REGIONAL GRAPEVINE VARIETIES ACCORDING TO O.I.V. DESCRIPTORS FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS
(Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Vol 76 No 8 (2022) 70-78, 2022-10)
Biljana Korunoska
;
Vladan Pešić;
;
Klime Beleski
;
Stevan Stojcović
ABSTRACT Our studies included some autochthonous and regional grape varieties grown in the Republic of North Macedonia. The autochthonousvarieties were examined -White winter, Konchanka, Stanushina, Ohrid black and Ohrid white, and the regional varieties -Vranec, Prokupec, Smederevka, Zilavka and Zupljanka were examined.The tests were divided into three methodological units. The first method was applied to all varieties -data collection, history and comparison with other tests.The second method was performed on all varieties -ampelographic identification because we had samples from all varieties. In some of the varieties, the third method was performed, that is, genetic (DNA) identification was made in the period from 2010 to 2020 in different examination centers and at different times. The results are compared with the results of a study by Professor M. Aradhya of the USDA Research Center, Davis CA, USA. He has performed a wide range of genetic identification on a number of autochthonous varieties in Europe and Asia, including varieties in the Balkans.With the second method of examination -ampelographic identification according to O.I.V. descriptors we got the most realistic results. An ampelographic description of certain characteristics of the individual organs of the vine was performed and it was concluded that the varieties according to their anatomical and physiological characteristics belong to 2 groups: ecological-geographical group Black Sea varieties, subgroup Balcanica and ecological-geographical group Eastern varieties, subgroup Antasiatica.
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A comparative study of the content of some antioxidants in the fruits of autochthonous pomegranate varieties
(University of Banjaluka, Faculty of Agriculture, 2022)
Ana Selamovska
;
Viktor Gjamovski
;
Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
;
Dushko Nedelkovski
;
Klime Beleski
The contents of total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and the fruit antioxidant activity of 9 pomegranate varieties (‘Zumnarija’, ‘Bejnarija’, ‘Valandovska kisela’, ‘Valandovska kiselo-slatka’, ‘Hidjas’, ‘Kisela’, ‘Karamustafa’, ‘Lifanka’, and ‘Ropkavec’) were examined. Autochthonous pomegranate varieties contained 4354.4 – 6480.9 mg/kg FW total phenols, 160 – 698.2 mg/kg FW anthocyanins, 96.9 – 157.2 mg/kg FW flavan-3-ols, and high antioxidant activity of fruits (71.2 – 92.5% inhibition). The ‘Valandovska kisela’ variety had the highest content of total phenolics (6480.87 mg/kg FW), flavan-3-ols (157.190 mg/kg FW) and higher fruit antioxidant activity (92.5% inhibition) compared to the standard ‘Karamustafa’ variety and the other autochthonous varieties. The ‘Hidjas’ variety had the highest content of anthocyanins (698.20 mg/kg FW). A positive correlation (0.9815) was found between the content of total phenolics and the fruit antioxidant activity. A moderate positive, insignificant correlation was also found between the content of flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE TRAITS WHICH DETERMINE YIELD IN THE VINE CULTIVAR BOLGAR AND THE HYBRID COMBINATION BOLGAR X RUSSALKA 1
(Goce Delcev University of Štip, 2020)
Venelin Roychev
;
Dushko Nedelkovski
;
Klime Beleski
The correlations between quantitative traits, which determine yield in the vine cultivar Bolgar and F1progeny of the hybrid combination Bolgar x Russalka 1 have been investigated through Path analysis. It has been found that there are no highly significant traits for the formation of yield from this cultivar, for which the correlation coefficients, direct and total indirect influences have positive values. Positive correlations have been reported between the two parent cultivars and F1 progeny for the traits: shoot and fruiting shoot fertility coefficient, cluster width, total number of shoots, fruiting shoots and clusters. All studied fertility coefficients in the cultivar Bolgar exert positive direct influences, determined by moderate correlations, on the seedlings from F1 progeny. The correlations of the other traits and the influence of separate parent cultivars have positive or negative values, which can be used in the selection of valuable elite forms.
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EXAMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT SUBSTANCES IN SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPEVINE VARIETIES (VITIS VINIFERA L.) IN R.N. MACEDONIA
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, 2021)
Biljana Korunoska
;
Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
;
Dushko Nedelkovski
;
Klime Beleski
;
Roze Gjolevska-Millenkovska
In this paper, some bioactive antioxidants have been tested in several grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) present in R.N. Macedonia. Grapes are a source of various nutrients that are beneficial to the human body in many ways. A grape, as a raw material and its final processing - wine is a complex of many chemical substances and compounds that are responsible for many visible and sensory characteristics that are manifested in varieties (phenotypic). Those chemical compounds are; carbohydrates, organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, vitamins, polyphenols, minerals, nitrogen compounds, etc. Specifically, in our case, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and phenolic compounds (total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ol and antioxidant activity) were tested in several autochthonous grape varieties and one standard variety (Belo zimsko, Stanushina, Crn valandovski drenok, Crven valandovski drenok and Palieri as standard). The tested chemicals are of great importance in their consumption in the human diet. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-mutation effects and reduce the risk of cardiovascular, degenerative and other chronic diseases. The most important for this group of compounds is that they determine the color, astringency, bitterness and some organoleptic and sensory characteristics of grapes and wine.

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