Institute of Agriculture

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Morfološko-anatomske karakteristike jednogodišnjih prirasta podloga jabuke
(National and University Library of the Republic of Srpska, 2017-02-22)
Stojnić, Slobodan
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Mićić, Nikola
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Đurić, Gordana
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Cvetković, Miljan
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Gjamovski, Viktor
<jats:p>Anatomsko-morfološke karakteristike izdanaka vegetativnih podloga jabuke (5 klonova podloge M9: T337; Burgmer 984; Fleuron 56; Pajam®1 Lancep i Pajam®2 Cepiland; Jork 9, Mark (MAC 9), M26, Supporter 4 i MM106) ispitivane su u 2013. i 2014. godini, u periodu mirovanja vegetacije. Ispitivane podloge gajene su u modifikovanom zemljišnom supstratu preporučenom za proizvodnju kontejnerskih sadnica, a koji predstavlja smješu zemljišta, pijeska i treseta u odnosu 1:1:1. Kod svih podloga utvrđene su vrijednosti dijametra izdanaka na visini od 25 cm, ukupna površina poprečnog presjeka, površina kore na poprečnom presjeku i procentualna zastupljenost kore u ukupnoj površini poprečnog presjeka izdanka. Dijametar izdanka najveći je kod podloge Pajam 2, a samim tim i površina poprečnog presjeka, dok je najmanja vrijednost dijametra i površina poprečnog presjeka izdanaka konstatovana kod podloge Mark. Najveći udio kore u ukupnoj površini presjeka zabilježen je kod podloge Supporter 4, a najmanji kod podloge Pajam 2. Klonovi podloge M9 međusobno ne pokazuju značajne razlike u pitanju procentualnog udjela kore u poprečnom presjeku. Nije utvrđena direktna veza između udjela kore u presjeku izdanka i dijametra izdanka.</jats:p>
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Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices from eight Macedonian cultivars
(Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia, 2019-12-30)
Petreska Stanoeva, Jasmina
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Peneva, Nina
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Gjamovski, Viktor
<jats:p>Punica granatum L. is one of the species enjoying growing interest due to its complex and unique chemical composition that encompasses the presence of anthocyanins, ellagic acid and ellagitannins, gallic acid and gallotannins, proanthocyanidins, flavanols and lignans. This combination is deemed responsible for a wide range of health-promoting biological activities.This study was focused on the analysis of flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids in eight pomegranate varieties (Punica granatum) from Macedonia, in two consecutive years. Fruits from each cultivar were washed and manually peeled, and the juice was filtered. NaF (8.5 mg) was added to 100 ml juice as a stabilizer. The samples were centrifuged for 15 min at 3000 rpm and analyzed using an HPLC/DAD/MSn method that was optimized for determination of their polyphenolic fingerprints.The dominant anthocyanin in all pomegranate varieties was cyanidin-3-glucoside followed by cyanidin and delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside. From the results, it can be concluded that the content of anthocyanins was higher in 2016 compared to 2017. But in contrast, the total content of non-colored polyphenols was around 10 times lower in 2016 compared to the amount found in the same samples in 2017.</jats:p>
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Characterization of the Polyphenolic Profiles of Peel, Flesh and Leaves of Malus domestica Cultivars Using UHPLC-DAD-HESI-MSn
(SAGE Publications, 2017-01)
Petkovska, Ana
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Gjamovski, Viktor
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Stanoeva, Jasmina Petreska
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<jats:p> Qualitative and quantitative analyses of polyphenols extracted from 21 Malus domestica cultivars using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to heated electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection was performed for separation of 27 phenolic compounds on a reversed phase UHPLC column with an optimized gradient consisting of 1% formic acid in water and 1% formic acid in methanol within 20 minutes. According to retention times, UV maxima and mass spectra of the peaks in the chromatograms obtained from extracts of apple peel, flesh and leaves, the polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Based on fragmentation patterns, 6 phenolic acids, 5 flavan-3-ols, 5 dihydrochalcones, 8 flavonols and 3 flavone derivatives were characterized in the studied samples. The method was then employed for analysis of the polyphenolic pattern of 21 apple cultivars, both commercial and autochthonous for the Macedonian region, as well as for monitoring the influence of long term storage on the polyphenolic content and composition of apple fruits and for comparison of polyphenolic profiles of apple cultivars during two years of harvesting. The obtained results revealed minor differences in the quality and major variation in the content of phenolic compounds in the flesh, peel and leaves in the studied apple cultivars that is attributed mainly to cultivar differences and meteorological factors. </jats:p>
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DISTRIBUTION OF ROOT SYSTEM AT APPLE CV. GRANNY SMITH GRAFTED ON DIFFERENT DWARFING ROOTSTOCKS
(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2018-07-02)
Gjamovski, Viktor
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<jats:p>This paper analyses the distribution of root systems of nine dwarf apple rootstocks (M.9 T 984, M.9 T 337, Jork 9, Mark 9, Budagowski 9, M.9 EMLA, Pajam 1, Pajam 2 and Supporter 4). All rootstocks were grafted with apple cultivar Granny Smith. The study was performed in the experimental orchard established in the Prespa region (Resen, R. Macedonia). The experimental orchard was established in 2004, with a planting distance 3.5 m x 1.5 m. At the end of the 7th growing season following characteristics were evaluated: length and weight of the fine (fibrous) and coarse roots, and depth distribution of the root system. Among the evaluated rootstocks statistically significant differ-ences in total length of the fine roots were not found. Between different rootstocks the results for total length of coarse roots showed more variability. In general, even 89% of the total length of root system belonged to fine roots, and the highest percentage (35%) was located at depths of 20 to 40 cm. Trees grafted on Mark 9 rootstock had the highest value for total root length, while the smallest values were registered on those grafted on Pajam 1 rootstock. Trees grafted on Supporter 4 rootstock had the greatest weight of the root system, while the smallest one was found on rootstock Budagowski 9.</jats:p>
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Investigation of Aril Characteristics of Some Autochthonous Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) Varieties in Macedonia
(National and University Library of the Republic of Srpska, 2017-12-18)
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Gjamovski, Viktor
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<jats:p>The individual aril characteristics of eight autochthonous pomegranate varieties (Lifanka, Bejnarija, Karamustafa, Ropkavac, Valandovska, LC, Zumnarija and Hicaz) from R. Macedonia were investigated using computer vision software methods. The great differences in the dimension of aril at the varieties were determined. The variety Lifanka is characterized with the greatest length (12.6 mm), width (9.5 mm) and mass (0.5 g) of the aril. Cross section aril area (61.1 mm2) and perimeter (31.6 mm) indicate that the variety ‘Hicaz’ is characterized with the smallest aril. Investigation of the aril shape showed different level of asymmetry depending on the variety. Generally, the variety Hicaz is characterized with the most asymmetrical aril. Based on CIELab system of coloration, great differences in the aril colour were noted among the investigated pomegranate varieties. The variety Hicaz had the darkest coloration (L* 19.3; a* 13.1; b* 5.3). High correlation dependence between coloration and shape and mass was determined.</jats:p>
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HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn identification of phenolic compounds in cultivated strawberries from Macedonia
(Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia, 2010-12-15)
Kajdžanoska, Marina
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Gjamovski, Viktor
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<jats:p>Strawberry fruits contain phenolic compounds that exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antinflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative properties. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection in the positive and negative ion mode has been used to identify the phenolic compounds in extracts from sixteen different strawberry cultivar fruits from Republic of Macedonia. Photodiode-array detection (DAD) has been used for screening of the different classes of phenolic compounds, whereas MS and MSn fragmentation data were employed for their structural characterization. The phenolic compounds identified were grouped as: ellagic acid and ellagic acid conjugates with sugars, ellagitannins, anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols, and acylated sugars (feruloyl, caffeoyl and coumaroyl hexoses). Quercetin and kaempferol were the major flavonols found as quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoronide, kaempferol 3-O-malonylglucoside, kaempferol 3-O-acetylglucoside and kaempferol 3-O-coumaroylglucoside. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in all strawberry extracts. Proanthocyanidins were also identified by MSn fragmentation as dimers, trimers and tetramers of (epi)catechin and (epi)afzelechin. This is the first assay of the phenolic profile of the strawberry cultivars in Macedonia, which can be further developed for characterization and evaluation of their quality with regards to their phenolic composition.</jats:p>
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Comparison of different extraction solvents for assay of the polyphenol content in the peel and pulp of 21 apple cultivars from Macedonia
(Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia, 2016-04-18)
Petkovska, Ana
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Gjamovski, Viktor
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<jats:p>Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) contain a large array of phenolic compounds belonging to flavonoids and non-flavonoids. This study systematically evaluates the polyphenolic content of 21 apple cultivars from the Republic of Macedonia, both commercial and autochthonous, applying spectrophotometric methods for the determination of total polyphenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and total flavan-3-ols. The reliability of these methods was checked by confirming the method linearity and accuracy with standards and spiked samples. The efficiency of acetone, water, methanol and a mixture of methanol/water (90 : 10, V/V) as extraction solvents was compared. Evident differences between extracts obtained from freeze-dried apple peel and pulp, extracted with different solvents, and analyzed with the four spectrophotometric tests, were observed and discussed. The most satisfactory extraction efficiency was achieved using methanol/water (90 : 10, V/V) mixture. The results obtained from the methanol/water extracts illustrate evident differences between polyphenol contents and reveal the diversity in polyphenols, total flavonoid and flavanol composition between the assayed commercial and autochthonous cultivars. The maximum abundance of polyphenols was noticed in the peel of Tetovka and Livadarka cultivars (15.63 mg/g GAE and 14.85 mg/g GAE, respectively) and in the pulp of Pasalma, Tetovka and Livadarka cultivars (12.55 mg/g GAE, 11.45 mg/g GAE and 11.22 mg/g GAE, respectively).</jats:p>
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Investigation of the possibility for production of some stone fruit rootstocks by rooting cuttings
(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2015)
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Gjamovski, Viktor
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Separation, characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds in blueberries and red and black currants by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn
(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2011-04-27)
Gavrilova, Verka
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Kajdzanoska, Marina
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Gjamovski, Viktor
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The phenolic profile of four blueberry varieties (Vaccinium corymbosum L., cv. Toro, Legacy, Duke and Bluecrop) and two varieties (Rosenthal and Rovada) of red currants (Ribes rubrum L.) and black currants (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivated in Macedonia have been analyzed using HPLC coupled to diode-array detection and tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. A complex profile of anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives has been assayed in acetone-acetic acid (99:1, v/v) extracts. Anthocyanins comprised the highest content of total phenolic compounds in currants (>85%) and lower and variety dependent in blueberries (35-74%). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives comprised 23-56% of total phenolics in blueberries and 1-6% in currants. Chlorogenic acid was the major hydroxycinnamic acid in blueberries, only in the Legacy variety, two malonyl-caffeoylquinic acid isomers were major components. Flavonols, mainly quercetin and myricetin glycosides, were a minor group, but glucosides of laricitrin and syringetin were also detected in the blueberry varieties counting for 10-34% of total flavonols. From flavan-3-ols, catechin was detected in most samples; the dimer B2 was specific for blueberries whereas epigallocatechin was detected in currants.
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Characterization of the Polyphenolic Profiles of Peel, Flesh and Leaves of Malus domestica Cultivars Using UHPLC-DAD-HESI-MS"
(2017-01)
Petkovska, Ana
;
Gjamovski, Viktor
;
Stanoeva, Jasmina Petreska
;
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of polyphenols extracted from 21 Malus domestica cultivars using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to heated electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection was performed for separation of 27 phenolic compounds on a reversed phase UHPLC column with an optimized gradient consisting of 1% formic acid in water and 1% formic acid in methanol within 20 minutes. According to retention times, UV maxima and mass spectra of the peaks in the chromatograms obtained from extracts of apple peel, flesh and leaves, the polypfienolic compounds were identified and quantified. Based on fragmentation patterns, 6 phenolic acids, 5 flavan-3-ols, 5 dihydrochalcones, 8 flavonols and 3 flavone derivatives were characterized in the studied samples. The method was then employed for analysis of the polyphenolic pattern of 21 apple cultivars, both commercial and autochthonous for the Macedonian region, as well as for monitoring the influence of long term storage on the polyphenolic content and composition of apple fruits and for comparison of polyphenolic profiles of apple cultivars during two years of harvesting. The obtained results revealed minor differences in the quality and major variation in the content of phenolic compounds in the flesh, peel and leaves in the studied apple cultivars that is attributed mainly to cultivar differences and meteorological factors.

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