Institute of Agriculture

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Author: search.filters.author.Drvoshanova Biljana

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    SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION PRACTICES FOR MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) CROP
    (Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (JAFES), 2023-06)
    Drvoshanova Biljana
    ;
    Bandzo Oreshkovikj Katerina
    ;
    Poposka Hristina
    This study investigates the potential of integrating sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate climate change impacts on the cultivation of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the arid regions. Climate-induced challenges such as desertification have further aggravated the issue of pepper cultivation. The experiment was executed in Kochani region in 2021, employing a randomized block design with five different fertilizer treatments including a notable biofertilizer, Trichoderma harzianum. The agronomic parameters such as fruit length, diameter, mass, pericarp thickness, and yield have been analysed. The mixed fertilization treatment (MIX) illustrated a significant enhancement in fruit dimensions and yield, whereas the Trichoderma treatment (TRICH) exhibited a notable reduction in non-marketable fruits. The findings validate that the incorporation of Trichoderma with organic and mineral fertilizers not only bolsters plant growth and yield, but also strengthens climate resilience in pepper cultivation. This increases the understanding of biofertilizer utilization in sustainable agriculture, especially in regions struggling with climate adversities. Furthermore, the study underpins the necessity for advanced knowledge in leveraging live organisms like Trichoderma for increasing agricultural productivity and climate resilience in arid regions.
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    PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF LOCAL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) VARIETIES INTENDED FOR DEHYDRATION
    (Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (JAFES), 2023-06)
    Drvoshanova Biljana
    ;
    Ivanovska Sonja
    ;
    Jankulovska Mirjana
    ;
    Popsimonova Gordana
    Peppers are one of the most divergent group of vegetables globally. In part of the Balkan region, but mostly in Macedonia there are distinct local varieties, intended for drying as a whole fruit on strings and are used in traditional dishes, processed foods and as condiments. A collection of 21 local pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties intended for drying in traditional manner, was evaluated for 26 plant traits. The Principal Component Analysis yielded 5 principal components with eigenvalue > 1, explaining 81.48 % of the variability. The first two principal components were highly corelated with 8 plant traits (FL – fruit length, FWg – fruit weight (g), PL – pedicel length (cm), PT – pericarp thickness (mm), PW – plant width (cm), LL – leaf length (cm), DFL-days to flowering, DFR – days to fruiting). The cluster analysis, based on those traits was performed and resulted in grouping the accession into three clusters. The first included accessions with highest values for the analysed traits, while the third cluster included accessions with lowest values for days to fruiting and maturity. The initial characterization of the investigated pepper germplasm, based on qualitative and quantitative plant traits, revealed high variability among the accessions.
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    Variation of Fruit Morphological Traits in Capsicum annuum L. germplasm collection from North Macedonia
    (Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (JAFES), 2022-06)
    Drvoshanova Biljana
    ;
    Ivanovska Sonja
    ;
    Jakulovska Mirjana
    ;
    Popsimonova Gordana
    The aim of this research was to evaluate the phenotypic divergence of 33 local pepper landraces from North Macedonia based on their quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. According to the vernacular names they belong to the longum group and are traditionally consumed mostly in technological maturity. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design in three replications in 2018. Six quantitative fruit traits were evaluated: fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit pedicel length, fruit wall thickness and number of locules, as well as several qualitative traits: colour at intermediate stage, colour at mature stage, fruit shape, shape at blossom end, cross-sectional corrugation, ripe fruit persistence – pedicel with fruit and pedicel with stem. The PCA analysis identified that two principal components explain more than 77% of the variability based on the quantitative fruit parameters. The cluster analysis classified the accessions in three clusters, where the third cluster grouped seven local landraces that had highest values for fruit width, fruit weight and pericarp thickness as major yield components. It can be concluded that the results obtained for the fruit variability in the investigated 33 local pepper landraces from North Macedonia provided valuable information about the diversity of the collection. Furthermore, the local landraces identified in cluster three can be considered as potential source for selection of preferred traits or for further utilization in development of recommendations for direct production in the rural areas.