Institute of Agriculture

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Agri-food import dependency and certain determinants in the context of the EU integration processes: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Croatia
(University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, 2025-05)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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Mrdalj, Vesna
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Popovska Stojanov Despina
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Cagalj, Marin
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Dimitrov, Lazo
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Key Determinants Influencing Income Diversification Among Rural Households in North Macedonia
(University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, 2025)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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Mrdalj, Vesna
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Popovska Stojanov Despina
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Dimitrov, Lazo
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AGRO-ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL AS A DRIVER OF RURAL ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN MACEDONIA
(Chamber of Organic Producers– COP, Kumanovo, Republic of North Macedonia, 2026)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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A comparative analysis of sensory and chemical properties of grape rakija from different Macedonian producers
(University of Banja Luka, 2026-03-05)
Rajchin, Viktor
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Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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Korunovska, Biljana
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Beleski, Klime
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Taseska-gjorgjijevski Milena
Rakija is a strong alcoholic beverage, deeply rooted in Macedonian cultural heritage, where quality varies significantly between industrial, small-scale, and traditional home producers. This study evaluated sensory and chemical differences among three types of producers using 30 samples of rakija from grapes (10 per group). The chemical analysis included gas chromatography (GC) for volatile compounds and analytical methods for alcohol content, specific gravity, and extract. The sensory analysis was performed by a trained panel (6 assessors) following OIV 100-point scoring scale. Spearman’s rank correlation was used for statistical data analysis. Sensory results revealed greater variability in odour and taste (CV 14–29%). Isobutanol showed a significant negative correlation with quality (ρ = -0.43 to -0.46, p < 0.017), while extreme variability in esters (CV >100%, ethyl acetate up to 5,654 mg/L) and furfural (CV 383%) was detected. In contrast, the extract content positively influenced the balance (ρ = 0.43–0.50, p < 0.017) in all of the samples. Between the producer’s groups, the traditional samples had more unpleasant aromas due to improper distillation and fermentation, as confirmed by the chemical analysis results where ethyl acetate reached up to 5,654 mg/L. Routine sensory-chemical correlations can aid quality assessment, linking traditional heritage with modern distillation methods in Macedonian rakija production.
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THE DEGREE OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN THE POLOG AND PELAGONIA REGIONS OF NORTHMACEDONIA
(University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 2025)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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Popovska Stojanov Despina
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Dimitrov, Lazo
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ANALYZING THE RURAL POVERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA ACROSS DIVERSE INCOME COMPOSITIONS
(University of East Sarajevo, 2024)
Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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Dimitrov, Lazo
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Popovska Stojanov Despina
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INTERNATIONAL MARKETS’ INFLUENCE ON COWS` MILK IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
(Institute of Economics – Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025)
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Andonov, Boban
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Mrdalj, Vesna
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Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
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Economic aspects of honey bee queen breeding: insights from a European study
(Informa UK Limited, 2024-06-14)
Dimitrov, Lazo
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Costa, Cecilia
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Meixner, Marina D.
In 2017, the European Commission initiated the EurBeST study to explore the possibilities of using selective breeding of honey bees to increase Varroa resistance traits. One of the specific aims of the study was to assess the process of honey bee queen breeding through an economic analysis. The methodology for calculating the costs of queen production (queen rearing and mating), colony evaluation and expenses for estimating breeding values is based on the Cost of Production (CoP). Cost data were collected via tailor-made questionnaires and interviews performed in five European countries (France, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Poland). The sample population consisted of 20 queen producers and 20 performance testers who participated in the study. The results showed that the average costs for queen production amounted to 22.58 e per queen, ranging from 8.22 e in Poland to 37.30 e in France. The difference between the selling price and the production cost was on average 3.08 e per queen, ranging from 15.86 e in Germany to −12.30 e in France. On average, the colony evaluation costs were 193.40 e per colony. The average cost for breeding value estimation per queen was 8.09 e. Thus, the average total cost per selected queen was 224 e. The selective breeding of honey bees is an efficient way to increase productivity, reduce colony losses, improve bee health and enable profitable operations, but it is expensive, is usually promoted, practiced and implemented by scientists and researchers, and in most cases is financed by external sources.
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Factors Influencing Rural Youth Migration in North Macedonia
(The Faculty of Agriculture, University in Banja Luka, 2024)
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Popovska Stojanov, Despina
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The migration of young people from rural to urban areas poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of rural communities in North Macedonia, leading to an aging population and diminished natural growth. This trend exacerbates socioeconomic inequalities, fostering social insecurity and the exclusion of rural youth. The far-reaching consequences of this migration influence both urban and rural landscapes across various developmental domains. To that end, this research aims to investigate the impact of main socioeconomic factors on rural youth migration. A survey of 550 rural residents aged 18-40 addressed was conducted using a tailored questionnaire. The data collection approach ensured nationwide diversity across all Macedonian planning regions, nationalities, genders and village types. Data processing involved the application of standard descriptive analysis and a binary logistic regression approach. Key findings show that factors such as gender, marital status, region, nationality, education, employment and having family agricultural holdings do not significantly impact rural youth migration. On the contrary, having children, household size, perceptions of employment opportunities, urban or rural lifestyle preferences and overall rating the quality of life in rural areas exhibit notable significance. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the complexities surrounding rural youth migration. In conclusion, the logistic regression model serves as a powerful tool to pinpoint crucial factors influencing rural youth migration. These insights provide a solid foundation for shaping targeted policies, essential for retaining and supporting rural youth and fostering sustainable development in both urban and rural areas of North Macedonia.
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The structure of rural households’ income in North Macedonia - A case study in Polog and Pelagonija
(University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, 2023-09-29)
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Popovska Stojanov, Despina
Contemporary trends in rural economic development go beyond the concept that agriculture and food production are the only functions of the rural economy and move towards a broader concept that covers all resources in the rural area, including non-agricultural activities. This paper examines rural households’ economic diversification focusing on their income structure and its impact on their well-being. The paper is based on а questionnaire survey conducted in the year 2018, through direct visits and interviews of 140 rural households from two statistical regions in North Macedonia, Pelagonija and Polog, with carefully designed study’s sample selection methodology to capture the household characteristics. The household income structure is measured as net incomes from all on-farm and off-farm activities and other financial transfers for one calendar year. The analysis has shown that the households which have only one type of income source (I. households with on-farm incomes only from agricultural activities, II. households with on-farm incomes only from non-agricultural activities) have much lower financial success than ones with mixed income sources, while non-agricultural rural households achieve the least success. In addition, households with mixed income sources, including incomes from agriculture, have better financial results than other households with mixed income sources, which do not comprise agricultural incomes. Hence, the challenge for policymakers is to identify the best mechanism to promote rural households’ economic portfolio, with a well-balanced synergy between agricultural and non-agricultural activities, based on agriculture at the centre of rural development, as complementary engines to tackle rural poverty and provide food security.

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