Institute of Agriculture

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS FRUIT SPECIES FROM MACEDONIA
(JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND PLANT SCIENCES, JAPS, 2023)
Ana Selamovska
;
Milena Taseska- Gjorgjijevski
;
Aleksandar Markovski
;
Biljana Korunoska
The scope of this paper is determination of the content of soluble dry matters, total sugar, total acids, invert sugar and citric, malic, tartaric and lactic acid in some autochthonous fruit species: pomegranate (Zumnarija, Bejnarija, Valandovska kisela, Valandovska kiselo-slatka, Hidjas, Kisela, Lifanka, Ropkavec), apple (Ubavo cvetka, Shareno blago, Prespanka, Tetovka, Karapasha, Kozharka, Bela Tetovka) and cherry (Ohridska brza, Ohridska rana, Ohridska crna, Dolga shishka, Dalbazlija, Ohridska bela). Comparative studies were performed in relation to the standard varieties (Karamustafa-pomegranate, Idared-apple and Bigaro burlatcherry). Pomegranate fruits have the highest content of soluble dry matters (15.6%), total sugars (149 g/L) and total acids (20.1 g/L). The highest content of invert sugar was observed in pomegranate (113 g/L which means 76.3% of total sugar). In apple and cherry fruits, malic acid dominates (above 5 g/L), while in pomegranate fruits, citric and malic acids are almost equally represented. Tartaric acid is present only in apple fruits (0.383 g/L). Lactic acid was not found in all fruit species. A strong positive correlation was found between soluble dry matter and total sugar with coefficient of determination R2 = 60%. A moderate positive correlation exists between the contents of total and invert sugar with coefficient of determination R2 = 20%, between total acids and invert sugar with coefficient of determination R2 = 22% and between the content of malic and citric acid with coefficient of determination R2 = 30%. A strong negative correlation was found between the content of total acid and malic acid with coefficient of determination R2 = 37% and very strong negative correlation between malic acid and invert sugar with coefficient of determination R2 =77%.
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COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON ANTIOXIDANT CONTENT IN THE FRUITS OF SELECT INDIGENOUS VARIETIES OF FRUITS, GRAPES AND VEGETABLES
(CONTRIBUTIONS, Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences, MASA, 2021)
Ana Selamovska
;
Viktor Gjamovski
;
Biljana Korunoska
;
Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
;
Klime Beleski
In this research study, we presented the results of the chemical analysis conducted on fruits of indigenous varieties and populations of several fruit species, namely cherries, pomegranates and apples, as well as grapes and vegetables such as peppers and tomatoes. Among the samples analyzed, the pepper populations exhibited the highest concentration of vitamin C, measured at 51.25 mg/100g. Conversely, the lowest levels of vitamin C were observed in apples and grapes, approximately 9 mg/100g. When considering the overall antioxidant activity, tomatoes and peppers displayed the largest proportion of vitamin C, accounting for over 75 mg/100g. Furthermore, the highest quantity of anthocyanins was found in cherries, specifically 394.30 mg/kg FW (FW = Fresh Weight). Pomegranate varieties exhibited the greatest content of total phenols, measuring 5359.43 mg/kg FW, along with the highest fruit antioxidant activity, showing 81.58 % inhibition. As for apple varieties, they contained the highest amount of flavan-3-ols, reaching 517.98 mg/kg FW. Our analysis revealed a positive correlation between total phenols and antioxidant activity, as well as between total phenols and flavan-3-ols. Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was identified between vitamin C and flavan-3-ols.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE "NEW FORMULA" OF ZEOLITE ON THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF WINE ROOTSTOCK
(Village and Agriculture : [Book of Proceedings] / 5th International Scientific Conference, 30. September and 1. October, Bijeljina, 2022-10-01)
Biljana Korunoska
;
Vladan Pešić
;
Maksim Baković
Abstract In agricultural production, and in the specific case in viticulture production, the production of healthy food, that is the production of healthy plants and healthy and quality fruits, and especially the production of virus-free planting material, is still an actual problem. Global pollution has contributed to finding different innovative solutions in the production of healthy food and also in agricultural production and specifically in our trials in viticulture production, it is still very current of healthy and resistant plants and animals. In addition to the application of genetics and the selection of varieties, the choice of nutrition for the plant and the choice of soil improvers (part of the medium where the plant grows) are very significant in the problem. In particular, our investigations are aimed at improving the properties of the soil during the cultivation of rootstocks (mother plants) in viticulture production. The tests were carried out in the period 2017 - 2019, in the Skopje Vineyard. Grapevine rootstocks introduced in the Republic of North Macedonia were randomly selected. A significant segment in this treatment is that our "new formula" of the mineral zeolite, which is currently being tested in our laboratory, was used. This agent has proven to be very safe for use as a preparation for improving the properties of the soil, and also as an effective agent for protecting and improving the resistance of the grapevine rootstocks to diseases and pests. The treated plants had a better habit and better resistance to external conditions. This preparation is very suitable for use in organic production.
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IDENTIFICATION OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS AND REGIONAL GRAPEVINE VARIETIES ACCORDING TO O.I.V. DESCRIPTORS FOR CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS
(Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Vol 76 No 8 (2022) 70-78, 2022-10)
Biljana Korunoska
;
Vladan Pešić;
;
Klime Beleski
;
Stevan Stojcović
ABSTRACT Our studies included some autochthonous and regional grape varieties grown in the Republic of North Macedonia. The autochthonousvarieties were examined -White winter, Konchanka, Stanushina, Ohrid black and Ohrid white, and the regional varieties -Vranec, Prokupec, Smederevka, Zilavka and Zupljanka were examined.The tests were divided into three methodological units. The first method was applied to all varieties -data collection, history and comparison with other tests.The second method was performed on all varieties -ampelographic identification because we had samples from all varieties. In some of the varieties, the third method was performed, that is, genetic (DNA) identification was made in the period from 2010 to 2020 in different examination centers and at different times. The results are compared with the results of a study by Professor M. Aradhya of the USDA Research Center, Davis CA, USA. He has performed a wide range of genetic identification on a number of autochthonous varieties in Europe and Asia, including varieties in the Balkans.With the second method of examination -ampelographic identification according to O.I.V. descriptors we got the most realistic results. An ampelographic description of certain characteristics of the individual organs of the vine was performed and it was concluded that the varieties according to their anatomical and physiological characteristics belong to 2 groups: ecological-geographical group Black Sea varieties, subgroup Balcanica and ecological-geographical group Eastern varieties, subgroup Antasiatica.
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EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF THE MUSCAT HAMBURG VARIETY INTHE SKOPJE VINEYARD AS A BASIS FOR ISOLATING CLONES
(Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Vol 76 No 7(2022) 82-90 2022-10, 2022-10)
Biljana Korunoska
;
Vladan Pešić;
;
Zlatko Prculovski
;
Nenad Bunjac
ABSTRACTThis paper describes the experiments performed on the Muscat Hamburg variety in the Skopje vineyard. Initial examinations were made in 2013-2014 in the collection plantations of the Agricultural Institute where the Muscat Hamburg variety was grown. In the then plantation were found 3 individual grapevines(units)in which differences in morphological and physiological characteristics were identified.Such grapevines are marked as individuals, monitored and taken from them for propagation material (they are vegetatively propagated by individual producers, and the seeds are used for laboratory tests). In fact, the phenotypic variability of the variety was monitored. In the following years, from 2013-2019, phenotypic variations were observed in other individualplantations and individual grapevines in the conditions of the Skopje vineyard.Most of the changes in the individual units of the Muscat Hamburg variety are manifested in the bunch, grain, fertilization, phenology, frost resistance and some technologicalcharacteristics. For example, in these units the grape is more compact, with better fertilization, darker color, the phenological feature of maturation takes place earlier and so on. Freezing resistance of these units is higher.They have the potential for better technological characteristics that would be used further for better product quality -wine, spirits and more.These units are the basis for obtaining improved properties in clonal selection and hybridization.
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A comparative study of the content of some antioxidants in the fruits of autochthonous pomegranate varieties
(University of Banjaluka, Faculty of Agriculture, 2022)
Ana Selamovska
;
Viktor Gjamovski
;
Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
;
Dushko Nedelkovski
;
Klime Beleski
The contents of total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and the fruit antioxidant activity of 9 pomegranate varieties (‘Zumnarija’, ‘Bejnarija’, ‘Valandovska kisela’, ‘Valandovska kiselo-slatka’, ‘Hidjas’, ‘Kisela’, ‘Karamustafa’, ‘Lifanka’, and ‘Ropkavec’) were examined. Autochthonous pomegranate varieties contained 4354.4 – 6480.9 mg/kg FW total phenols, 160 – 698.2 mg/kg FW anthocyanins, 96.9 – 157.2 mg/kg FW flavan-3-ols, and high antioxidant activity of fruits (71.2 – 92.5% inhibition). The ‘Valandovska kisela’ variety had the highest content of total phenolics (6480.87 mg/kg FW), flavan-3-ols (157.190 mg/kg FW) and higher fruit antioxidant activity (92.5% inhibition) compared to the standard ‘Karamustafa’ variety and the other autochthonous varieties. The ‘Hidjas’ variety had the highest content of anthocyanins (698.20 mg/kg FW). A positive correlation (0.9815) was found between the content of total phenolics and the fruit antioxidant activity. A moderate positive, insignificant correlation was also found between the content of flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins.
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EXAMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT SUBSTANCES IN SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPEVINE VARIETIES (VITIS VINIFERA L.) IN R.N. MACEDONIA
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, 2021)
Biljana Korunoska
;
Milena Taseska-Gjorgjijevski
;
Dushko Nedelkovski
;
Klime Beleski
;
Roze Gjolevska-Millenkovska
In this paper, some bioactive antioxidants have been tested in several grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) present in R.N. Macedonia. Grapes are a source of various nutrients that are beneficial to the human body in many ways. A grape, as a raw material and its final processing - wine is a complex of many chemical substances and compounds that are responsible for many visible and sensory characteristics that are manifested in varieties (phenotypic). Those chemical compounds are; carbohydrates, organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, vitamins, polyphenols, minerals, nitrogen compounds, etc. Specifically, in our case, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and phenolic compounds (total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ol and antioxidant activity) were tested in several autochthonous grape varieties and one standard variety (Belo zimsko, Stanushina, Crn valandovski drenok, Crven valandovski drenok and Palieri as standard). The tested chemicals are of great importance in their consumption in the human diet. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-mutation effects and reduce the risk of cardiovascular, degenerative and other chronic diseases. The most important for this group of compounds is that they determine the color, astringency, bitterness and some organoleptic and sensory characteristics of grapes and wine.

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