Institute of Agriculture

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Author: search.filters.author.Andov, Dobre

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    Assessment of seed viability of Oryza sativa L. accessions in long-term storage after more than a decade
    (University of Banja Luka, 2023-11-05)
    Mitrushev, Ivo
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    Spaseva, Brankica
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    Andreevska, Danica
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    Andov, Dobre
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    Gjosheva Kovachevikj Marija
    The purpose of this research was to evaluate the seed viability of 16 Oryza sativa L. accessions including valuable endangered landraces, a breeder’s line, and an advanced/improved cultivar after 13-14 years of long-term storage. Preservation of seed samples has been conducted ex-situ at low temperatures (-18°C). The germination test (germination energy and total germination) was carried out according to ISTA methods and Kameswara (2006). Furthermore, the following variables were examined: the germination index, root length, shoot length, root-to-shoot length ratio, total seedling length, and seed vigour index. The Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to assess the linear relationship between the vigour index and seedling length. All the sixteen accessions have had a high total germination rate, in the range of 89-100%, hence there is no need for their regeneration. The germination energy and total germination showed statistically significant differences for two rice accessions at P-0.05 and P-0.01. The seed showing a high vigour index produced seedlings with higher growth rates. The Pearson correlation of the vigour index and seedling length was found to be very highly positive and statistically significant (r=0.99, p<0.001). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that rice as a botanical species retains high seed viability during the long-term conservation, although there are individual differences between the accessions which are due to the genetic constitution of each genotype.
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    The weed and weedy rice impact on direct seeded rice production in North Macedonia
    (Agricultural Academy of Bulgaria (Земјоделска Академија на Бугарија), 2022)
    Dimitrovski, Trajche
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    Atanasovska, Katerina
    A study from 2017 to 2019 in 10 vilages in the rice producing region of North Macedonia was undertaken to estimate the effect of weed flora on some productive rice properties. The common production technology was implemented. Rice was direct seeded in wet conditons. The weed managent included water bed regulation in combination with herbicide application. The following properties were investigated in three replications: density and infestation of the total weeds, weedy rice and other weed species, crop density, biological, straw and paddy rice yield, harvest index and head rice yield. The results were pooled in 5 groups depending on the weed infestation level. A correlation analysis revaled significant negative effect of the total weeds and the weedy rice component on the crop density, biological yield, harvest index and paddy rice yield. The weeds controled with herbicides were not significanlty correlated and affected the productive properties indirectly as a contributing factor in the total weed density. Low infestation (0.01% to 1.00%) caused drop in paddy rice yield of 6.73%. The most severe cases of weed infestation (15.01% to 25.00%) averaged 100.08 weed tillers/m2 and caused paddy yield drop of 35.30%. These field parcels were located in a region with extensive monoculture, where weedy rice populations constituted 90.68% of the total weed flora, or 90.75 panicles/m2 against 9.33 tillers/m2 from other weed species. Some weedy rice morphotypes were easily distinguished against cultivated rice in field conditions as early as anthesis, while others were more difficult to recognize. This study confirms weedy rice as a serious threat for the direct seeded rice production in the region, and addresses the need to investigate its biology and the most suitable management practices.
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    Effect of Orgalife Fertilizer on Some Quality Properties of the Seed and Growth Potential of Two Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivated in North Macedonia
    (Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey, 2021-09)
    Spaseva, Brankica
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    Mitrushev, Ivo
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    The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Orgalife (liquid organic microbial fertilizer based on manure from californian earthworms) on the seeds of two rice varieties, San Andrea and Opale, obtained from three production years: 2018, 2019 and 2020. They were treated with three different concentrations (3.3%, 6.7% and 9.9%) compared to control (distilled water). Germination energy, total seed germination, germination index, seedlings growth (root length, shoot length, dry seedling weight) and vigor index (I and II) were examined. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out and separation of means was performed using the LSD test at P=0.05 and P=0.01 significance level. The values of all treatments for all parameters were compared with the control. Germination energy and total germination for Opale in 2020 showed statistical significance for the 3.3% concentration at P=0.05, while for San Andrea the same significance was noticed only for the germination energy. Germination index for Opale gave statistically significant results only for the 2020 production year at P=0.05. For San Andrea the situation is slightly different where the treatments affected the germination index only for 2018 and 2020. Orgalife treatments increased the vigor index I and II in 2020 for both varieties and for both levels of significance. The length of the seedlings for Opale in 2020 was positively affected by the 3.3% concentration in both levels of significance, while San Andrea in the same year had statistical significance for the 9.9% concentration only for P=0.05. The results for the dry matter showed statistical significance for San Andrea for the 6.7% concentration in 2018. As an overall conclusion, we can say that the use of the Orgalife fertilizer showed to be reasonable for the seedling growth and development, better than the effect on the germination parameters.