Faculty of Civil Engineering

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Organizational structure of construction companies in the function of their efficient operation
(UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, 2024-03)
Kedioski Vlatka
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Lazarevska Marijana
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Gacevski Vasko
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Ristov Riste
The organizational structure of the construction company represents the structure and the management of the project team, goods and project resources. It is a fundamental aspect of project management that defines how activities are coordinated and controlled in order to achieve the planned project and company goals. Companies that are in construction business have organizational structures that are based on project management. Construction projects are usually complex, capital, unique and unrepeatable. Project management is the application of knowledge, tools, techniques, and systems to define, execute, measure, control, report and improve processes. This paper explains several aspects that should be considered when choosing the organizational structure of the construction company. Nine case studies of medium and large construction companies were analysed, where special emphasis is placed on the types of organizational structure used, their complexity, adaptability, integrative processes, control during work, description of processes and procedures, etc. The results of conducted analysis showed that 56% of the analysed companies use a composite organizational structure, while the remaining 44% use a functional organizational structure. Although the analysed companies implement "Projects", they very rarely use a project organizational structure, and when they do it is mostly for some large and complex projects that are being implemented outside our country. By understanding the importance of the organizational structure, when the right one is chosen, high management and project managers can improve the overall project outcomes and increase the likelihood of success.
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ROAD SAFETY INSPECTION IN THE FUNCTION OF DETERMINING UNSAFE ROAD LOCATIONS
(UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, 2024-03)
Ristov Riste
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Ognjenovic Slobodan
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Zafirovski Zlatko
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Gacevski Vasko
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Nedevska Ivona
A road safety inspection (RSI) is a systematic and independent assessment of the parameters of road safety projects with the aim of preventing traffic accidents and creating safer roads for all road users. It covers all road users, not only car drivers, but also pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, trucks, buses and public transport vehicles, and considers all road safety stakeholders (road users, road maintenance, vehicle , weather conditions, etc.). Using the RSI procedure and analyzing the current state of traffic safety on the section of the regional road R1106 (from the intersection with Boris Trajkovski Blvd. to the intersection for the local road to the Church of St. Dimitrija), as well as the AADT data, conducted traffic accidents, and the previously performed inspection with a implemented project to increase traffic safety, it can be seen that the situation is not at a satisfactory level. It is necessary to take measures that will contribute to the improvement and increase of safety, taking into account all the influential risks included in the two subcategories: objective - which are related to the objective factors (environment) and subjective - which are conditioned by the individual ability, properties, characteristics, motivation, understandings, attitudes and prejudices of the person. The obtained results are compared with the initially carried out inspection of the road to increase safety and the effects of the already carried out reconstruction to improve traffic safety, which was carried out in 2014. Based on this analysis and comparison, dangerous locations will be detected, i.e. reasons why they are unsafe, and conclusions and recommendations will be made that can serve as a direction for improving the safety of other road sections.
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STABILITY ANALYSIS OF PORTALS IN TUNNELS
(UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, 2024-03)
Zafirovski Zlatko
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Cvetkovski Pero
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Gacevski Vasko
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Nedevska Ivona
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Ristov Riste
At this paper will be reviewed stabilization and rehabilitation of cuts and portals of railway tunnel. Usually, tunnels are performed in rock areas and there is always need from stabilization and temporary protection during performing and its use. Tunnel's cuts are located at the entrances and exits of the and stabilization but as most common method is with galvanized wire mesh, shotcrete and barriers. During every construction works appears changes in some parts of rocks massive and new deformations. In order to avoid appearance of deformations, in slopes anchors need to be installed. Installation of geotechnical anchors is method with drilling, insertion of anchors and injection. In that way the stabilization of the slope is achieved, where anchors help the rock massive to keep his load. Anchors with pulling force transmit the force in health rock mass. Anchors can be used and with other types of protection for better and longer stabilization of slopes. In this paper will be reviewed stabilization of cuts and portals of tunnel in Republic of Croatia, which had need of stabilization. The process consists of making design (schemes) for stabilization, and then checking and verifying the solutions with software analysis and directly on site. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of stabilization of slopes and of portals too. In Republic of North Macedonia, the use of protective measures is still low, but it should be increased especially in the area of transport infrastructure.
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ДРЖАВЕН ПАТ А3 ОБИКОЛНИЦА НА РЕСЕН
(Macedonian Association of Road Engineers „Via Vita“, 2022-11)
Ristov Riste
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Gacevski Vasko
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Nedevska Ivona
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Ognjenovic Slobodan
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Zafirovski Zlatko
Експресните патишта претставуваат посебен предизвик за проектирање и градење бидејќи истите подлежат на највисоките стаданрди за реализација како и автопатиштата. Со моменталната експанзија на патната инфраструктура во Република Северна Македонија е дефинирана потреба за проектирање на нова патна секција на локација каде претходно имало голем сообраќаен застој поради навлегување во урбана средина. Секцијата која е опфатена претставува дел од магистралниот пат А3 кој започнува од крстосница Требениште (спој со А2) и завршува до граничен премин Делчево. Оваа обиколница ќе понуди побрзо, побезбедно и поудобно транзитирање. Со самото тоа, се подига безбедноста и удобноста при патувањето, како и растоварување на локалното населениe од транзитниот сообраќај, внатре во општината. Во овој труд се претставени каректеристики при проектирање на обиколницата Ресен, која се води како експресен пат и прва фаза од идното автопатско решение во овој југозападен дел од нашата држава.
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AN APPROACH FOR RAILWAY PROJECT MANAGEMENT
(Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, 2023-11)
Zafirovski Zlatko
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Nedevska Ivona
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Gacevski Vasko
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Ristov Riste
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Ognjenovic Slobodan
This paper aims to solve this problem, which has recently become more common in railway projects. The key is in a planned approach and organization from the beginning of the project, which the candidate considers by elaborating a Methodology for the construction of the site in the form of a document. This methodology solves all the above and helps lead the project from its beginning to the end with a positive result. The scope of the methodology for the construction of a facility includes several scientific disciplines directly related to the realization of the facility, such as law, economics, ecology, quality management, construction, etc. Therefore, it should cover all matters in these areas and provide solutions and courses of action at the beginning and in the development phase of the site to adapt to possible needs and to be finalized. The conclusion is that the application of such a Methodology for the construction of the site is necessary, or it could be freely said that it is mandatory.
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SUBBASE STABILIZATION WITH FLY ASH
(University of Niš, Serbia, 2023)
Zafirovski Zlatko
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Markovski Mite
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Ognjenovic Slobodan
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Gacevski Vasko
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Nedevska Ivona
Due to increased activities in civil engineering, and especially in the transport infrastructure, and thus an increase in the use of additional construction materials, innovative solutions are needed in finding alternative materials for the preservation of natural resources. One of the solutions for preserving natural building materials is the application of recycled material, which will also meet the required standards in civil engineering. In the transport infrastructure, there is a great opportunity for the use of recycled material, starting from the subbase, through the embankment and all the way to the superstructure and the concrete structures. One of the recycled materials that can be used in construction is fly ash. Fly ash is the most promising waste material when it comes to the wide range of applications in construction. Fly ash is obtained by burning coal in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Due to variations in the composition and characteristics of fly ash, several divisions and classifications have been created. One of the main classifications is according to the American standard ASTM C 618-05 where it is divided into class C and class F fly ash. This research aims to investigate the application of fly ash for subgrade stabilization and to determine the difference from a financial and environmental perspective for the application of fly ash compared to natural stone aggregate. The main research was carried out in connection with the increased use of natural stone aggregate, which appeared as a need during the rehabilitation of state road R1206, section Karpalak - Želino. Apart from the use of large quantities of stone aggregate for the stabilization of the subgrade, it also had an impact on the financial framework for the realization of the road project. In Macedonia, an analysis of the chemical composition of 4 samples of fly ash obtained in REC Bitola was carried out. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that it belongs to the classification of F-class fly ash and with the use of an activator (lime or cement) it can be used in the stabilization of the subgrade.
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НУМЕРИЧКА АНАЛИЗА НА ХИДРОТЕХНИЧКИ ТУНЕЛ ВО СКЛОП НА РУДНИКОТ ТОРАНИЦА
(MASE -Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers, 2023-09)
Zafirovski Zlatko
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Gacevski Vasko
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Nedevska Ivana
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Ristov Riste
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Ognjenovic Slobodan
Хидротехничките тунели служат за да ја насочат водата. Подобро е да се градат во правец, бидејќи така би добиле најкратко решение за да се поврземе со акумулацијата, но секако има исклучоци, и ако условите не го дозволуваат тој правец, би имале тунел со кривини. Големината на овие тунели, како и нивниот попречен пресек зависат од некои фактори, како што е количината на проток на вода низ тунелот, метод на градење, внатрешниот притисок, геолошките услови и сл. Најчесто попречниот пресек е кружен и потковичест кај овој тип на тунели. За тунели со внатрешен притисок идеален пресек е кружниот, додека пак за гравитациони тунели најдобро е да се употреби пресек во форма на потковица. Во овој труд е претставена конструктивна анализа и пресметка на подградбите на тунелот, изведена е нумеричка анализа со која е определена напонско-деформациската состојба на карпестите маси од каде ќе се добијат статички големини потребни за димензионирање на пресеците. Проблемот на напонско- деформациската состојба е моделиран со примена на софтвер базиран на МКЕ, преку дводимензионална анализа на рамнинската состојба на деформации каде површинските слоеви како континуирана средина се апроксимирани со Mohr-Coulomb-ов материјален модел, додека за карпестата средина во која се избива тунелот е користен моделот на Hoek-Brown. За армирано-бетонските пресеци е применет линеарно еластичен модел.
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TRACK GEOMETRY DEGRADATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE RAILWAYS
(Faculty of Civil Engineering - Skopje, 2022-07)
Nedevska Ivona
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Zafirovski Zlatko
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Lazarevska Marijana
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Ristov Riste
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Gacevski Vasko
Today, rail networks across the world are getting busier with trains travelling at higher speeds and carrying more passengers and heavier axle loads than ever before. The combination of these factors has put considerable pressure on the existing infrastructure, leading to increased demands in inspection and maintenance of rail assets. This paper studies track deterioration from geometric aspects and its influencing factors with a case study for railway line of pan – European Corridor 10 on the territory of North Macedonia. The analysis made in the paper will obtain results that would reflect the actual state of the railway infrastructure on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia.
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ANALYSIS OF THE CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR URBAN INTERSECTION
(University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022-05)
Nedevska Ivana
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Ristov Riste
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Zafirovski Zlatko
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Ognjenovic Slobodan
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Gacevski Vasko
The augmentation of motorization level leads us to the need for mobility and demands better infrastructure, in urban and suburban areas. The complexity of this problem is especially notable in urban areas where the space delimitations, functional characteristics and different transportation must be considered. The intersection between Partizanska street and Boris Krajger street, in Shtip, has been analysed with the methodology for capacity and level of service, according to international software and manuals. Both streets are with one lane per direction, and lately it is very frequent intersections in Shtip. Number of vehicles is determined by measuring the traffic, and those inputs are used to analyse three solutions: the current solution (unsignalized intersection), four legged intersection and roundabout both with boulevard profile for the main corridor and two way street for the secondary corridor. Calculations are based on custom measurements within a week.
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ПРИСТАП ЗА АНАЛИЗА НА РИЗИЦИ КАЈ ЖЕЛЕЗНИЧКИ ТУНЕЛИ
(MASE -Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers, 2022-04)
Gacevski Vasko
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Zafirovski Zlatko
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Lazarevska Marijana
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Nedevska Ivona
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Ristov Riste
Интензивната потреба и изградба на тунелите е проследена со несигурности. Причина за појава на несигурности се комплексните решенија и услови за овие конструкции. Местоположбата и димензиите, стануваат се повеќе предизвикувачки, а изградбата се предвидува во посложени геолошки услови, што доведува до примена на нови пристапи, методологии и технологии од страна на инженерите. Еден од поновите пристапи за справување со несигурностите е процената на хазарди и ризици и дефинирање на начини за нивно управување. Процената на ризиците е есенцијален дел за донесување на правилни одлуки. Многу често решенијата кои изгледаат поевтини и побрзи базирано на детерминистички проценки, се поврзани со поголеми несигурности и ризици. Кај тунелите може да се јават знајачни ризици поврзани со пречекорување на трошоците, одложување на рокот на изведба и последици врз животната средина. Исто така, како што е демонстрирано во повеќе историски записи, во тунелите има голем потенцијал за несреќи врз лица во процесот на изградба. Генерално има два пристапи за процена на ризиците: квалитативен и квантитативен. Во овој труд е прикажан пристап за процена на ризици кој претставува комбинација од анализа на дрвото на грешки и анализа на дрвото на настани, со што се добива квантитативен резултат кој понатаму може да се примени за рангирање во однос на граници на прифатливост и определување на соодветни превентивни или заштитни мерки.

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