Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health

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Changes in the Muscle Strength of the Elbow Flexors Following a Six-week Experimental Procedure in Adolescents Monitored Through Isokinetic and Motor Tests
(Acta Inform med, 2014-06)
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Handjiski Zoran,
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Handjiska Eli,
A group of 7 subjects underwent an experimental procedure which studied the potential changes in the maximal strength of the non-dominant arm elbow flexors. The programme duration was limited to 6 weeks during which the subjects practiced exercises 3 times a week, 3 series, on a Scott bench. Individual approach was applied to the external load and it was designed so that the weight being lifted would increase if the number of lifts in one series would exceed 3. The subjects were monitored through the one-repetition maximum 1 RM motor test and the isokinetic tests performed on biodex system, tested in 3 time periods (at the beginning, after 3 weeks, and after the 6th week). Of the 6 isokinetic tests, only the test for the maximum torque and the time for achieving the maximum torque have shown statistically important changes in terms of reduction in values, which was not expected. The one-repetition maximum test, unlike the isokinetic tests, has shown statistically important increase of the maximal muscle strength of 32.1% after the third week of exercising, and 46.8% after the six weeks of exercising. The statistical test for the correlation between the two variables has shown low correlation between these two tests. The values of the data of the two test types have not shown any correspondence among the subjects possibly due to the type of performance of the maximal muscle load during exercises, performed in conditions identical to the one-repetition maximum test, with similar and yet differ- ent conditions in the case of isokinetic tests. Most probably, due to the conditions in which the exercises and the tests took place, there is difference in the obtained results.
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Students motivation for engaging in physical activity: Theory for self-determination
(Universidad de Alicante Servicio de Publicaciones, 2019)
Aleksovska-Velickovska, Lence
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Gontarev, Seryozha
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Ruzdija, Kalac
This study explored the relationship between self-determination in the regulation of exercise behaviour and stage of change for exercise in student population. The research is conducted on a sample of 1066 respondents randomly selected from several faculties within the University “St. Cyril and Methodius” in Skopje. They completed the Stages of Exercise Scale and the Behaviour Regulation Exercise Questionnaire. Consistent with theoretical predictions, individuals who had been active over a period of time were more self-determined in their behaviour regulation. Exercising to achieve an outcome emerged as the most influential factor in discriminating active participants from inactive ones. The results of the research will serve in building strategies and intervention that will aim to promote feelings of self-determination for exercise in student population. In the basis of the theory of self-determination, such interventions will strive to foster students’ perceptions of choice, personal mastery, fun and excitement from exercise, especially in those who do not have regular physical activity.
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Using relative handgrip strength to identify children at risk of sarcopenic obesity
(ARAN Ediciones, 2020)
Gontarev, Seryozha
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Jakimovski, Mirko
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Background: identifying children at risk of developing childhood sarcopenic obesity often requires specialized equipment and expensive testing procedures, so cheaper and quicker methods would be advantageous, especially in field-based settings. Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) and relative handgrip strength, and to determine the ability of handgrip strength relative to body mass index (grip-to-BMI) to identify children who are at risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. Material and method: grip-to-BMI was measured in 4021 Macedonian children (6 to 10 yrs). Bioelectrical impedance was used to estimate body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, from which the MFR was calculated. Results: the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.771 (95 % CI, 0.752 to 0.789, p < 0.001) in girls 6-10 years old and 0.843 (95 % CI, 0.826 to 0.859, p < 0.001) in boys 6-10 years old. Calculated using the grip-to-BMI ratio, the OR (95 % CI) for girls to be at risk of sarcopenic obesity identified by MFR was 20.182 (10.728-37.966, p < 0.001) and was 16.863 (10.782-26.371, p < 0.001) for boys. Conclusion: the grip-to-BMI ratio can be used to predict the presence of sarcopenic obesity in children, which can play a role in pediatric health interventions.
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Cardiorespiratory coordination reveals training-specific physiological adaptations
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-08)
Garcia-Retortillo, S
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Gacto, M
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O'Leary, T J
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Noon, M
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Hristovski, R
To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity training (CONT), matched for total work, on cardiorespiratory coordination and aerobic fitness.
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Principal component analysis as a novel approach for cardiorespiratory exercise testing evaluation
(IOP Publishing, 2019)
Garcia-Retortillo, Sergi
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Javierre, Casimiro
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Ventura, Josep Lluís
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Balagué, Natàlia
Our purpose was to apply a principal component analysis (PCA) approach to cardiorespiratory exercise to test evaluation and its sensitivity to workload accumulation.
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Physiological- and performance-related effects of acute olive oil supplementation at moderate exercise intensity
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-03-01)
Esquius, Laura
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Garcia-Retortillo, Sergi
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Balagué, Natàlia
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Javierre, Casimiro
The consumption of olive oil is associated with a diminished risk of cardiovascular disorders and mortality, but the impact of olive oil supplementation on endurance performance is still unclear. Since the beneficial effects of olive oil are observed at a systemic level, its effectiveness may not be precisely measured through the commonly registered maximal and threshold values of some physiological and performance parameters. In contrast, we suggest evaluating it through variables able to capture the coordinated behaviour of physiological systems. Thus, the aim of the current research was to assess the effect of an acute extra virgin olive oil supplementation on cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) and performance, compared to palm oil.
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Effects of Temporary Numerical Imbalances on Collective Exploratory Behavior of Young and Professional Football Players
(Frontiers Media SA, 2019)
Canton, Albert
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Torrents, Carlota
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Ric, Angel
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Gonçalves, Bruno
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Sampaio, Jaime
The aim of this study was to explore how the use of temporary numerical imbalances during small-sided Game SSGs affects team's exploratory behaviors (i.e., variety and quantity of responses given in an ever-changing game context and its rate of change) in different age groups. Two different age groups (under-15 and under-23) of football players participated in the study. For each age group, three teams of five players played six small-sided games of 5 min duration in different conditions: (i) numerical balance (GK + 4 vs. 4 + GK); (ii) temporary numerical imbalance, which consisted of a numerical change of teammates and opponents every one minute. Latitude and longitude GPS coordinates were used to determine the positioning-derived variables. The dynamic overlap (i.e. the measure of average similarity of the game patterns that take place in increasingly larger time intervals) was used to provide information of the rate and breadth of exploratory behavior. The results revealed that the long-term exploratory breadth increased for the under-23 age group. Non-clear effects were found for the short-term rate of exploration, but with an increasing trend. In the under-15 group, the exploratory behavior was more likely to increase in the long term. The increase for the short-term rate of exploration was unclear, but it follows an increasing trend. These results suggest that the use of temporary numerical imbalances could offer coaches more dynamic training situations and different adaptive training environments similar to matches.

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