Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

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    Experimental lumpy skin disease virus infection of cattle: comparison of a field strain and a vaccine strain
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-12)
    Möller, Janika
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    Moritz, Tom
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    Schlottau, Kore
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    Hoffmann, Donata
    Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infections can cause massive clinical signs in cattle and have great economic impact due to severe trade restrictions. For LSDV control, only live attenuated vaccines are commercially available, but they currently are not authorized in the European Union. Moreover, these vaccine virus strains can induce substantial side effects with clinical signs similar to infections with virulent LSDV. In our study, we compared clinical symptoms, viremia, and seroconversion of cattle inoculated either with a virulent field strain from North Macedonia isolated from diseased cattle in 2016 or with the attenuated LSDV vaccine strain "Neethling". Using specimens from the field and from experimental inoculation, different diagnostic tools, including a pan-capripox real-time qPCR, newly developed duplex real-time qPCR assays for differentiation between virulent and attenuated LSDV strains, and several serological methods (ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence test and serum neutralization test [SNT]) were evaluated. Our data show a high analytical sensitivity of both tested duplex real-time qPCR systems for the reliable distinction of LSDV field and vaccine strains. Moreover, the commercially available capripox double-antigen ELISA seems to be as specific as the SNT and therefore provides an excellent tool for rapid and simple serological examination of LSDV-vaccinated or infected cattle.
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    Validation of TaqMan-Based Assays for Specific Detection and Differentiation of Wild-Type and Neethling Vaccine Strains of LSDV
    (MDPI AG, 2021-06-06)
    Vidanović, Dejan
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    Tešović, Bojana
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    Šekler, Milanko
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    Debeljak, Zoran
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    Vasković, Nikola
    <jats:p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an important animal disease with significant health and economic impacts. It is considered a notifiable disease by the OIE. Attenuated strains of LSDV have been successfully used as vaccines (LAV) but can also produce mild or systemic reactions. Vaccination campaigns using LAVs are therefore only viable if accompanying DIVA assays are available. Two DIVA qPCR assays able to distinguish Neethling-based LAVs and wild-type LSDV were developed. Upon validation, both assays were shown to have high sensitivity and specificity with a diagnostic performance comparable to other published DIVA assays. This confirmed their potential as reliable tools to confirm infection in animals during vaccination campaigns based on Neethling vaccine strains.</jats:p>