Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

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    SEROLOGICAL RESULTS OF EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA IN ALBANIA AND ECOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS
    (IJEES, 2025-07-30)
    Morava, Kristi
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    Dova, Ilir
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    Djadjovski, Igor
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    Ozuni, Enkeleda
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    Sulҫe, Majlind
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    Brilliant Cresyl Blue Staining Enhances the Morphological Quality Evaluation of Porcine Oocytes-a Preliminary Study
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023-06-07)
    Dovenska, Monika
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    Benc, Michal
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    Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining is a method used for selection of developmentally competent porcine oocytes, in addition to the standard morphological classification. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between BCB staining in porcine oocytes with high and low morphological characteristics and its maturation rate. In the first part of the study, cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) (n=434) were aspirated from 60 ovaries. According to the morphological classification and BCB staining, they were divided in 4 groups: COC+/BCB+, COC-/BCB+, COC+/BCB-, and COC-/BCB-. In the second experiment, COCs (n=445) were categorized into 3 groups: control, BCB+, and BCB-. Significant differences in the maturation rate were observed between COC+/BCB+ and COC-/BCB- (66% vs. 23%), and between COC+/BCB+ and COC-/BCB+ (66% vs. 38%) (p<0.0001). Significant differences were also registered between COC-/BCB+ and COC-/BCB- (38% vs. 23%) and between COC+/BCB- and COC-/BCB- (53% vs. 23%) (p<0.01). Results from the second experiment showed that only BCB- oocytes had a significantly lower maturation rate (28%) compared to the control (63%) and BCB+ oocytes (59%) (p<0.001). These findings showed that COCs with high morphological characteristics had higher developmental ability compared to COCs with low morphology. The BCB-staining in high-quality oocytes did not have a significant impact on their maturation ability compared to a control group, but it might be useful for selecting developmentally competent oocytes with low morphology characteristics.
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    Immunolocalization of Na(+)-Dependent Glucose Co-Transporters in Chicken Kidneys in Norm and During T-2 Mycotoxicosis (Primary Study)
    (MDPI AG, 2024-12-18)
    Allmang, Cristin
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    Hussar, Piret
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    Dūrītis, Ilmārs
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    Popovska-Percinic, Florina
    The kidney plays an essential role in the proper homeostasis of glucose. In the kidney, glucose transport is carried out across cell membranes by two families of glucose transporters—facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs) and Na(+)-dependent glucose co-transporters (SGLT family). Among the transporters, sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters play a major role in the kidney‘s ability to reabsorb glucose. Although the localization of glucose transporters has been extensively studied in mammals, there are still knowledge gaps regarding the localization of SGLTs in birds. The aim of this research was to conduct a comparative study of the immunolocalization of the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the kidneys of healthy and T-2-mycotoxicated chickens. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out using the polyclonal primary antibodies SGLT1 and SGLT2 (Abcam, UK) in kidney tissue derived from seven healthy and seven T-2-mycotoxicated 7-day-old female layer-type Ross chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). The sections were stained using an immunohistochemistry kit (Abcam, UK). In the kidneys of the healthy birds, strong staining of SGLT1 and SGLT2 was observed in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the proximal straight and convoluted tubules. In the kidneys of the birds of the T-2 toxin group, weak expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 with morphological changes occurred, indicating reduced glucose transport in the urinary system during T-2 mycotoxicosis.
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    Immunohistomorphometric response of pituitary growth hormone-producing cells in rats to prolonged exposure to moderately elevated ambient temperature
    (National Library of Serbia, 2025-05-30)
    Cukuranovic-Kokoris, Jovana
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    Dovenska, Monika
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    Parapid, Biljana
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    Immunolocalization of p53 and p21 in Kidneys Exposed to T-2 Mycotoxin
    (MDPI AG, 2025-12-15)
    Hussar, Piret
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    Dovenska, Monika
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    Popovska-Percinic, Florina
    T-2 mycotoxins are known to induce toxic effects in animals. The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by toxins, resulting in cellular damage, apoptosis, and disruptions to cell cycle regulation. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and tumor suppressor protein p53 are key modulators of these pathways. As our knowledge on the immunolocalization of p53 and p21 during T-2 mycotoxicosis in the avian kidney is limited, this study was designed to investigate the immunolocalization of these two critical apoptosis regulatory proteins in the renal tissues of broiler chickens treated with T-2 mycotoxin. In the experiment, ten seven-day-old female Ross chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were separated into the control group and T-2 toxin group. T-2 toxin was orally administered to the T-2 toxin group for three days. Then, 24 h after the last dose, chickens were sacrificed and kidney tissues were collected and fixed for immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal primary antibodies against p53 and p21 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) demonstrated increased expression of p21 and p53 in T-2 toxin-treated chickens’ kidneys compared to healthy chickens in the control group. Both proteins were mainly localized in the epithelial cells of the renal proximal tubules. The enhanced staining intensity of p21 and p53 emphasizes their contribution to T-2-induced renal toxicity and suggests their potential as biomarkers for the early detection of nephrotoxicity.
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    Effects of Gingerbread Cookie Enrichment with Native and Supercritical CO2-Defatted Burdock Seeds
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland), 2026-03-24)
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    Stakeholders' perspectives on communicating biosecurity to encourage behavior change in farmers
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2025-03-19)
    Moya, Sebastian
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    Lamont, Kate
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    Brennan, Marnie L.
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    Ciavarino, Giovanna
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    Costa, Maria
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    Methods to assess on-farm biosecurity in Europe and beyond
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-06)
    Duarte, Fernando
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    Tamminen, Lena-Mari
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    Ciaravino, Giovanna
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    Delpont, Mattias
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    Emergence and characterization of historically extinct virulent genotype IV Newcastle disease virus in wild and domestic birds: genetic insights, pathogenicity, and vaccine efficacy
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2025-12-23)
    Yan, Weiwen
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    Liu, Xinxin
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    Jiang, Shanshan
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    Li, Hongjin
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    Chi, Weiwei
    ABSTRACT Class II genotype IV Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a historically virulent strain responsible for the first Newcastle disease (ND) panzootic from the 1940s to 1960s, was presumed extinct after its last reported isolate in India in 2000. Here, we report the emergence of four virulent genotype IV NDV isolates from 6,731 wild birds and domestic poultry across nine provinces of China between 2021 and 2023, representing the first genetically confirmed isolation of this ancestral genotype in over two decades. These isolates exhibit remarkably high genetic similarity to ancestral strains, showing minimal divergence despite a temporal span of 50–90 years, yet they differ from the most recently reported isolate from India. Infection with the representative isolate, KS02, caused severe lethality and higher transmissibility in specific-pathogen-free chicks than a genotype VII reference virus. Notably, LaSota vaccination provided only limited protection at the conventional hemagglutination inhibition (HI) threshold and achieved complete protection only when HI titers were at least twofold higher, in contrast to the protection observed against genotype VII challenge. This unusual genetic stability raises concerns about the origin and evolutionary history of these viruses as well as highlights the urgent need to update vaccination strategies, including approaches to elicit higher HI titers through intensified immunization schedules. This study underscores the critical importance of sustained global surveillance of genotype IV NDV in domestic poultry and migratory birds to monitor its spread and evolution. IMPORTANCE Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), particularly emerging isolates, poses a major threat to poultry health and production, causing severe morbidity, high mortality, and economic losses. While ancestral class II genotypes II and IX have persisted globally across various bird species, the status of genotype IV NDV—last reported in India in 2000—had been uncertain. This study documents the emergence of genotype IV isolates in wild and domestic birds across China from 2021 to 2023, marking their return after more than two decades of presumed extinction. The representative isolate, KS02, showed severe lethality and high transmissibility in chicks compared to the circulating virus. The LaSota vaccine conferred complete protection against this isolate only when HI titers were at least twofold above the conventional protective threshold. These findings underscore the significant risk posed by reemerging genotype IV NDV, highlighting the urgent need for surveillance and updated vaccination strategies.
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