Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

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Start date: 2010Has files: No

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    Artificial intelligence (AI) in food safety and quality
    (Codon Publications, 2026-04-18)
    Uzunov, Risto
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    Angeleska, Aleksandra
    The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) within the framework of fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is reshaping contemporary food safety management by enabling a transition from predominantly reactive prac-tices to proactive and predictive approaches. This study explores how AI-based technologies, including machine learning, computer vision, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, contribute to improved food safety control, quality monitoring, and supply chain traceability. The analysis indicates that AI-driven solutions outperform tra-ditional manual methods by delivering faster and more accurate detection of contaminants, improved identifica-tion of foodborne pathogens, and more reliable shelf-life prediction. The integration of AI with blockchain further strengthens traceability mechanisms, allowing rapid identification and containment of contamination events. Nevertheless, several limitations remain, notably the limited interpretability of complex deep-learning models, substantial implementation costs, and persistent challenges related to data quality and standardization. In addi-tion, ethical issues, such as data protection and potential algorithmic bias, highlight the importance of transpar-ent governance frameworks. The findings suggest that optimal outcomes are achieved when AI systems operate within a human-in-the-loop model, supported by interdisciplinary expertise and harmonized global datasets. Collectively, these advancements indicate that AI has strong potential to enhance the resilience, efficiency, and transparency of the global food supply chain, supporting progress toward a zero-contamination objective.
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    Brilliant Cresyl Blue Staining Enhances the Morphological Quality Evaluation of Porcine Oocytes-a Preliminary Study
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023-06-07)
    Dovenska, Monika
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    Benc, Michal
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    Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining is a method used for selection of developmentally competent porcine oocytes, in addition to the standard morphological classification. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between BCB staining in porcine oocytes with high and low morphological characteristics and its maturation rate. In the first part of the study, cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) (n=434) were aspirated from 60 ovaries. According to the morphological classification and BCB staining, they were divided in 4 groups: COC+/BCB+, COC-/BCB+, COC+/BCB-, and COC-/BCB-. In the second experiment, COCs (n=445) were categorized into 3 groups: control, BCB+, and BCB-. Significant differences in the maturation rate were observed between COC+/BCB+ and COC-/BCB- (66% vs. 23%), and between COC+/BCB+ and COC-/BCB+ (66% vs. 38%) (p<0.0001). Significant differences were also registered between COC-/BCB+ and COC-/BCB- (38% vs. 23%) and between COC+/BCB- and COC-/BCB- (53% vs. 23%) (p<0.01). Results from the second experiment showed that only BCB- oocytes had a significantly lower maturation rate (28%) compared to the control (63%) and BCB+ oocytes (59%) (p<0.001). These findings showed that COCs with high morphological characteristics had higher developmental ability compared to COCs with low morphology. The BCB-staining in high-quality oocytes did not have a significant impact on their maturation ability compared to a control group, but it might be useful for selecting developmentally competent oocytes with low morphology characteristics.
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    Immunolocalization of Na(+)-Dependent Glucose Co-Transporters in Chicken Kidneys in Norm and During T-2 Mycotoxicosis (Primary Study)
    (MDPI AG, 2024-12-18)
    Allmang, Cristin
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    Hussar, Piret
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    Dūrītis, Ilmārs
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    Popovska-Percinic, Florina
    The kidney plays an essential role in the proper homeostasis of glucose. In the kidney, glucose transport is carried out across cell membranes by two families of glucose transporters—facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs) and Na(+)-dependent glucose co-transporters (SGLT family). Among the transporters, sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters play a major role in the kidney‘s ability to reabsorb glucose. Although the localization of glucose transporters has been extensively studied in mammals, there are still knowledge gaps regarding the localization of SGLTs in birds. The aim of this research was to conduct a comparative study of the immunolocalization of the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the kidneys of healthy and T-2-mycotoxicated chickens. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out using the polyclonal primary antibodies SGLT1 and SGLT2 (Abcam, UK) in kidney tissue derived from seven healthy and seven T-2-mycotoxicated 7-day-old female layer-type Ross chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). The sections were stained using an immunohistochemistry kit (Abcam, UK). In the kidneys of the healthy birds, strong staining of SGLT1 and SGLT2 was observed in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the proximal straight and convoluted tubules. In the kidneys of the birds of the T-2 toxin group, weak expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 with morphological changes occurred, indicating reduced glucose transport in the urinary system during T-2 mycotoxicosis.
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    Immunohistomorphometric response of pituitary growth hormone-producing cells in rats to prolonged exposure to moderately elevated ambient temperature
    (National Library of Serbia, 2025-05-30)
    Cukuranovic-Kokoris, Jovana
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    Dovenska, Monika
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    Parapid, Biljana
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    Immunolocalization of p53 and p21 in Kidneys Exposed to T-2 Mycotoxin
    (MDPI AG, 2025-12-15)
    Hussar, Piret
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    Dovenska, Monika
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    Popovska-Percinic, Florina
    T-2 mycotoxins are known to induce toxic effects in animals. The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by toxins, resulting in cellular damage, apoptosis, and disruptions to cell cycle regulation. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and tumor suppressor protein p53 are key modulators of these pathways. As our knowledge on the immunolocalization of p53 and p21 during T-2 mycotoxicosis in the avian kidney is limited, this study was designed to investigate the immunolocalization of these two critical apoptosis regulatory proteins in the renal tissues of broiler chickens treated with T-2 mycotoxin. In the experiment, ten seven-day-old female Ross chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were separated into the control group and T-2 toxin group. T-2 toxin was orally administered to the T-2 toxin group for three days. Then, 24 h after the last dose, chickens were sacrificed and kidney tissues were collected and fixed for immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal primary antibodies against p53 and p21 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) demonstrated increased expression of p21 and p53 in T-2 toxin-treated chickens’ kidneys compared to healthy chickens in the control group. Both proteins were mainly localized in the epithelial cells of the renal proximal tubules. The enhanced staining intensity of p21 and p53 emphasizes their contribution to T-2-induced renal toxicity and suggests their potential as biomarkers for the early detection of nephrotoxicity.
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    Depletion of [3H] amitraz in sheep
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-12-24)
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    Jovanovski, Stefan
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    Janevski, Aleksandar
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    Musliu, Dea
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    Health risks and bioavailability of metal residues from hunting ammunition in game meat
    (Wiley, 2025-10)
    Durkalec, Maciej
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    Kanstrup, Niels
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    Paulsen, Peter
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    Mateoe, Rafael
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    Pain, Debbie
    The workshop "Health Risks and Bioavailability of Metal Residues from Hunting Ammunition in Game Meat," held in Billund, Denmark, explored the pressing issue of lead contamination in game meat. Experts from various disciplines discussed the health risks posed to humans and wildlife, the environmental impacts of lead residues, and potential alternatives to lead based ammunition. Key findings highlighted the bioavailability and toxicity of lead from ammunition, the range and possibilities of current non-lead alternatives, and the need for harmonized regulations across Europe. The workshop underscored the importance of hunter education, public awareness, and interdisciplinary research to facilitate the transition to nontoxic ammunition and reduce contamination. Recommendations include stronger enforcement of lead bans, targeted outreach to stakeholders, and comprehensive risk assessments for alternative materials. These efforts aim to ensure the sustainability of hunting practices and the safety of game meat in the food chain.
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    Swine Influenza a Virus (SWIAV) Seroprevalence in Macedonian Commercial Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-08-04)
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    Janevski, Aleksandar
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    Bojkovski, Jovan A.
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    Swine influenza caused by the influenza A virus significantly affects pig production and pig health due to acute respiratory disease and huge economic losses. Pigs play an essential role in the epidemiology of influenza because they act as a mixing vessel for the formation of potentially pandemic zoonotic strains. The objective of our study was to assess the seroprevalence of swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) in commercial pig farms in Macedonia. A total of 373 blood samples were collected from piglets aged 1 to 4 weeks of sows with different parities from 19 different commercial farrow-to-finish pig farms. For the detection of anti-IAV antibodies, sera samples were analyzed using a competitive ELISA. All farms were seropositive to swIAV. Seropositivity was detected in 258 (69.2%) samples, ranging between 10 and 100% at farm level. The highest seroprevalence was found in piglets from sows in the 5-6 th parity. In contrast, the lowest seropositivity was found in samples from the youngest sows (1-2 nd parity), which indicates that the virus has circulated for a longer period in these farms. Furthermore, large farms with more than 120 sows had a significantly greater percentage of seropositive animals than small farms with less than 120 breeding sows (83% vs. 54%, respectively). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that swIAV circulates endemically in Macedonian commercial farrow-to-finish pig farms, underscoring the need of immunization in preventing infection on these farms.
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    Large heterogeneity in biosecurity legislation in the intensive pig production across Europe
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-04)
    Biebaut, Evelien
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    Štukelj, Marina
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    Chantziaras, Ilias
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    Nunes, Telmo Pina
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    Nedosekov, Vitalii