Faculty of Medicine

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    Item type:Publication,
    Epidemiology and impact of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2022-08)
    Proietti, Marco
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    Romiti, Giulio Francesco
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    Vitolo, Marco
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    Harrison, Stephanie L
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    Lane, Deirdre A
    Background: Frailty is a medical syndrome characterised by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Data regarding the relationship between frailty and atrial fibrillation (AF) are still inconsistent. Methods A 40-item frailty index (FI) was built according to the accumulation of deficits model in the AF patients enrolled in the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry. Association of baseline characteristics, clinical management, quality of life, healthcare resources use and risk of outcomes with frailty was examined. Results Among 10,177 patients [mean age (standard deviation) 69.0 (11.4) years, 4,103 (40.3%) females], 6,066 (59.6%) were pre-frail and 2,172 (21.3%) were frail, whereas only 1,939 (19.1%) were considered robust. Baseline thromboembolic and bleeding risks were independently associated with increasing FI. Frail patients with AF were less likely to be treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs) (odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.89), especially with non-vitamin K antagonist OACs and managed with a rhythm control strategy, compared with robust patients. Increasing frailty was associated with a higher risk for all outcomes examined, with a non-linear exponential relationship. The use of OAC was associated with a lower risk of outcomes, except in patients with very/extremely high frailty. Conclusions In this large cohort of AF patients, there was a high burden of frailty, influencing clinical management and risk of adverse outcomes. The clinical benefit of OAC is maintained in patients with high frailty, but not in very high/extremely frail ones.
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    Item type:Publication,
    SMOKING HABIT AS A RISK FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH OCCURRENCE OF LUNG CANCER
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2024-07)
    Dimitrievska, Ljubica
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    Grivcevska, Milena
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    Nehteparova, Meliha
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    Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality in the world, right after cardiovascular diseases. The motivation for conducting this study was the fact that the number of newly diagnosed and death cases from lung cancer has been constantly growing, especially in the last few years. The aim of the study was to present lung cancer (LC) as a public health problem today at the global level as well as in the Republic of North Macedonia. This is an analytical case-control study. It included all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer (LC) with histopathological analysis (examined group) and patients who have not had any history of malignancy (control group), in a period of six months. Survey data were collected using a specially designed questionnaire. The study included a total of 82 respondents in both, the examined and the control group. Regarding the habit of cigarette smoking, the largest percentage of examined respondents (56%) were current smokers, compared to the control group where the largest percentage (56%) were non-smokers. The results obtained showed that the two groups differed significantly with regards to the habit of cigarette smoking. This study confirmed the association of cigarette smoking habit and lung cancer, where several variables related to smoking were examined (age at which cigarette smoking started, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking status, type of cigarettes).
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    Evaluation of the causes of the neurotrauma
    (2004)
    Marija Toleska
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    Ivica Stefanovski
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    R. Todorov
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    E. Spiroska
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    N. Toleska
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    Item type:Publication,
    Epidemiology of Thyroid Carcinomas in North Macedonia (1999-2015)
    (SAGE Publications, 2021)
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    Item type:Publication,
    Epidemiological examination and results about the causes of neurotrauma.
    (2005)
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    Mihajlovska Ana
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    Rendevski Ksenofon
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    Stoilov Milcho
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    Item type:Publication,
    Epidemiology, Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of undescended Testis in North Macedonia in the Period from 2011 to 2020
    (Albanian Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2023-01-20)
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    Kamiloski, Marjan
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    Coklevska Shuntov, Natalia
    Background; Cryptorchidism or undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common pediatric disorders of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. The main reasons for treatment of cryptorchidism include increased risks of impairment of fertility potential, testicular malignancy, testis torsion, and/or associated inguinal hernia Material and Methods; The aim of this study is to show the epidemical distribution of this pathology in the republic of North Macedonia from 2011-2020 and simultaneously show the number of cases in every city of Macedonia. The number of cases (by city) is shown in Table 1. All data is provided by the archives of The Institute of Public Health, North Macedonia. Discussion: It is very important to find if there is a correlation between the number of undescended testis cases in North Macedonia to the environment, genetics, level of education, level of health care institutions, etc. Reduced hormonal levels, reduced fertility and increased risk of testicular cancer are the most common side effects of no treatment or late treatment. Conclusion; This condition of the undescended testis is very common, and the possible effects of late treatment or no treatment at all are very risky. So, we have to pay attention to the risks in order to try to provide better treatment at the right point of age.</jats:p>
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    Increased risk of brucellosis misdiagnosis in regions that lose their endemicity
    (Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 2023-03-31)
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    Khezzani, Bachir
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    Vidinic, Ivan
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    Over the last decades, the epidemiology of human brucellosis globally has been subjected to significant changes, with the eradication of many existing endemic hot spots. This paper describes three cases with initial misdiagnosis of brucellosis that were managed during 2011-2017 in Republic of North Macedonia, country that until recently has been declared as endemic region. In spite of the fever, constitutional symptoms, focal disease (spondylitis, pneumonia and orchitis) and previous contact with domestic animals, brucellosis was not initially recognized, and patients were inadequately managed. Brucellosis should be part of differential diagnostic considerations in patients exposed to contacts with animals, with osteoarticular symptoms and signs, constitutional manifestations and different organ involvements in endemic regions where its incidence is diminishing.
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    Single-center descriptive statistical analysis of glial tumors with reference to glioblastomas
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2022-12)
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    Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial brain neoplasms composing almost 80% of all cancerous brain tumours. Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in the adult population and accounts in about 15% of all intracranial neoplasms. This observational analytical study gives a better overview of the current state of glial tumours in North Macedonia from 2021 to 2022 with special reference to glioblastomas. Epidemiological and statistical analysis of glial and other brain tumours in a specific time period with special reference to glioblastomas. This research is an observational statistical analysis that takes place on the Institute for Pathology in the Medical Faculty of ‘’Ss. Cyril and Methodius’’ University in Skopje using the digital data base of patients that had undergone surgery in the University Clinic of Neurosurgery and were diagnosed at the Institute of Pathology during the time period 2021-2022. In the period from 2021 and 2022, at the Institute of Pathology were diagnosed 106 (62%) glioblastomas out of which classic glioblastoma histomorphology confined 85 (80.19%) cases; 9 (8.49%) glioblastomas showed oligodendroglial component, 5 (4.72%) cases were gliosarcomas and 4 (3.77%) cases were diagnosed as giant cell glioblastomas. Three (2.83%) cases showed glioblastoma histomorphology with radionecrosis. The results of this descriptive statistical analysis show that glial tumours, especially glioblastomas as most prevalent malignant tumour type deserves greater scientific attention which beside the impact on their diagnostic complexity, will expand the knowledge of this pathology field and strongly reflect on future scientific and diagnostic work. When it comes to global statistics, we can conclude that Republic of North Macedonia follows the global trends regarding the incidence of glioblastoma associated with gender and age. Our results show that glioblastoma is more prevalent in males than females with the ratio male to female being 1.2:1, and this tumour is more prevalent in patients older than 55 years with the average age of diagnosis being 61 years.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Histological and immunohistochemichemical study of malignant lymphomas in Macedonia - Study of 222 cases
    (Macedonian Association of Pathology, 2013)
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    Ivkovski, Ljube
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    Item type:Publication,
    Базични демографски карактеристики на болните од инвазивен карцином на грлото на матката на територијата на Република Македонија (2000-2006 година).
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2008)
    Tanturovski, Dragan
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    Вовед. Инвазивниот карцином на грлото на матката е сериозен здравствен проблем во светот. Во Македонија карциномот на грлото на матката е втора најчеста малигна неоплазма кај жените, по карциномот на дојката, со регистрирани 248 новозаболени во 2003 година што е 8,8% од сите регистрирани неоплазми во таа популација. Основната цел на оваа ретроспективна епидемиолошка студија е да се одредат базичните демографски карактеристики на пациентите со инвазивен карцином на грлото на матката. Методи. Студијата претставува ретроспективна дескриптивна епидемиолошка студија. Со неа се опфатени податоците за 1406 болни од инвазивен карцином на грлото на матката на територијата на Република Македонија во периодот 2000-2006 година. Податоците се собирани од достапната медицинска документација. Статистичката обработка се направи со софтверот Statistica ver 8.0. Резултати. Просечната годишна стапка на инциденца изнесува 22,97/100000 женско население. Просечната возраст на пациентките во серијата изнесува 48+12 години. Евидентирани се сигнификантни разлики помеѓу застапеноста на македонската и српската националност (85%) и на албанската, турската и другите националности (15%). Најзагрозени здравствени региони се регионите што спаѓаат под надлежност на ЗЗЗ Струмица и Велес, со речиси двојно поголема инциденца од просечната стапка на инциденца, а најдобра е состојбата во ЗЗЗ Охрид, Тетово и Кочани, со стапки кои се за половина пониски од просечната стапка на инциденца. Заклучок. Идентификацијата на демографските групи со зголемен ризик од ова заболување овозможува креирање на скрининг програма со која посистематски би се опфатиле истите групи. Background: Invasive cancer of the uterine cervix is a serious medical problem for a large portion of the female population around the world. In the Republic of Macedonia, the invasive cancer of the uterine cervix is the second most common neoplasm in the female population right after breast cancer with 248 newly registered cases in 2003, comprising 8.8% of all the registered neoplasms. The main objective of this retrospective epidemiological study is to determine the basic demographic characteristics of the patients with invasive cancer of the uterine cervix. Materials and methods: The study is a retrospective, descriptive epidemiological study that included 1406 patients with invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia in the period 2000-2006. The data was collected from available medical records. The collected data was then processed with appropriate Statistica ver. 8.0. Results: The average yearly incidence rate is 22.97/100000. The average age for the women in the series is 4812. There are notable statistically significant differences in the representation of the Macedonian and Serbian nationalities (85%) and the Albanian, Turkish and other nationalities (15%). The regions with the highest risk are Strumica and Veles, with incidence rates almost double the average, and the regions with the least risk are Ohrid, Tetovo and Kochani with incidence rates nearly half the average. Conclusions: The identification and recognition of the demographic groups with an increased risk of developing invasive cervical carcinoma enables the creation of a screening program that would include these groups with increased risk.