Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Determining the accuracy of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in athletes(Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025-09); ; ; ; The Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is an amount of energy that the body burns at complete rest and it is necessary for to maintaining the vital functions. It is most accurately determined by Indirect Calorimetry (IC), a method that measures oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output in order to estimate energy expenditure. Predictive equations for RMR are mathematical formulas based on factors such as age, sex, weight and height. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of six commonly used predictive equations for RMR with its’ measured value obtained by indirect calorimetry in athletes of both genders. Fifty-one male and 39 female athletes from different sports disciplines were included. The body composition analysis was performed by Bioelectrical impedance analyzer In Body 720, (Great Britain). RMR was measured by IC using Fit Mate, COSMED, (Italy) calorimeter. The predictive equations for RMR used for this study were Harris-Benedict, Mufflin-St Jeor, Katch-McArdle, Cunningham, Henry and Schofield equation. Male athletes showed higher values for weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and lean body mass (LBM) (p<0.05) and significantly lower values for body fat (BF) (p<0.05) compared to female athletes. All equations predict lower values of RMR, while the Cunningham equation has the least mean difference compared to measured RMR values. The equations applied to sports population predict lower RMR values than the real ones. The Cunningham equation which is based on the LBM is the most appropriate equation for calculating RMR in the sports population. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS IN ATHLETES(Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2022); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Hypertension in athletes(MIT University, 2023-03); ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The resting metabolic values related to different sport disciplines(Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2022); ; ; ; Abstract Athletes compared to physically inactive people have a higher percentage of muscle mass which is a result of their active lifestyle. Higher percentage of muscle mass contributes to higher value of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in athletes. The aim of this study is to compare the values of resting metabolic rate in different sports disciplines which will give us a general knowledge of the energy expenditure in different sports. A number of 79 male athletes from 4 different sports (handball, football, cycling and functional fitness) were included in this study. Bioelectrical analisator In Body 720, Great Britain was used for body composition analysis and indirect calorimeter Fit Mate, COSMED, (Italy) for resting metabolic rate. All participants completed questionnaires for their medical history and physical activity. The results showed that handball players have significantly higher values of height, weight and skeletal muscle mass compared to the other sports (p<0,05), while percentage of body fat was lowest among football players. Handball players have higher values for RMR compared to the other sports, but have statistically different values only compared to cyclists. Cyclists have significantly lower values for RMR compared to the other sports (p<0,05). Because RMR has a major impact on total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) we come to the conclusion that handball players have higher TDEE and they need a balanced nutritional regimen that will provide all required nutrients, preferably with a higher caloric rate. Key words: athletes; resting metabolic rate; energy expenditure - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Frequency of electrocardiographic changes in trained athletes in the Republic of Macedonia(Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI, 2017); ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, COMPARISONS AND CORRELATIONS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY CHANGES REGARDING THE FUNCTIONAL FEATURES BEFORE, DURING AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE TREADMILL TEST WITH ATHLETES(Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health in Skopje, 2019); ; ; ; The need for cardiovascular screening in order to timely detect and diagnose the morphological and functional changes of the heart, which occur as a result of doing sport actively, and thus to avoid the occurrence of sudden cardiac death, is generally accepted. To achieve the objectives of the study, two noninvasive diagnostic methods for cardiovascular evaluation were used: electrocardiography (ECG) and the Bruce protocol test. The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the relationship of ECG changes to functional characteristics before, during, and/or immediately after exercise testing. This crosssectional study conducted during 2016/2017 involved 285 athletes aged 9 to 38, of both sexes. They were all given a 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest, after which personal, family and sports history and anamnesis were given, followed by a Bruce protocol test and functional parameters were examined (symptoms, metabolic equivalents, METs, test duration, exercise capacity-VO2 max, rhythm disturbance, heart rate, heart rate reserve and recovery, chronotropic incompetence (CI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure). According to ECG changes and in accordance with international recommendations for its interpretation, athletes were divided into 4 groups: with normal, physiological, borderline or abnormal ECG findings. The results showed a significant positive connection between abnormal ECG and the occurrence of rhythm disturbance during the exercise test (r = 0.119; p = 0.045); Cardiovascular capacity expressed in (METs) compared to respondents with normal ECG was significantly higher in those with physiological ECG changes (p = 0.003), HR reserve percentage was lowest among athletes with abnormal ECG, and CI had the highest percentage. It can be concluded that an athlete with borderline, abnormal, and possibly physiologically assessed ECG should undergo further evaluation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Levels of manifest anxiety in athletes(College of Sport and Health, Belgrade, 2017-05); ; The aim of the study was to assess the levels of manifest anxiety in athletes. One hundred and fifteen athletes (16 females and 99 males) aged 15 to 25 years who were engaged in different team sports and 174 students (132 females and 42 males) aged 19-25 years, from the Medical Faculty in Skopje, who had sedentary life style were asked to anonymously fulfill the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS), which measures trait anxiety. It is an acquired behavioral disposition to perceive an objectively safe object as threatening and dangerous and respond to it with anxiety, the intensity of which is not adequate to the objective situation. Mean value of the acquired TMAS scores in athletes was 13,07 ± 5,83, while medical students scored 21,65 ± 8,33 (p<0,05) on TMAS. Twenty nine percent of the athletes and 75 percent of medical students showed high levels of manifest anxiety (TMAS score higher than 15). There was no difference in mean TMAS scores between male athletes aged 15 to 18, and athletes aged 19 to 25. Athletes showed significantly lower levels of manifest anxiety compared to sedentary medical students. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, APPLICATION OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS OF BODY MASS IN ATHLETES(College of Sport and Health, Belgrade, 2017-05); ; The primarily role of body mass analysis in sport anthropometry is to determine body mass components, especially muscle component and body fat. The bioelectric impedance analyzes (BIA) employs the principle that the tissues consist of abundance of water and electrolytes, such as muscles, offer less resistance and conduct the current easier than tissue poor with water, such as adipose tissue. The InBody 720 apparatus utilizes the latest technology of measuring body composition using the method of Direct Segmental Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. InBody’s use four compartments body mass model: the total body water consists of intracellular (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW); the protein compartment, fat free mass (FFM); the mineral compartment and the body fat mass. The aim of this paper is to show which parameters could be obtained by BIA methodology employing the InBody 720 and to make this methodology familiar and recognizable to health and sport practitioners.