Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ukim.mk/handle/20.500.12188/22

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 425

Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIGITAL EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE IN DIGITAL FORM
(University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, 2025-10-14)
;
Rashkovska, Veronika
At first glance, the two concepts—digital evidence and evidence in digital form—may seem synonymous. However, while all digital evidence can indeed be classified as evidence in digital form, not all evidence in digital form qualifies as digital evidence. This distinction leads to the conclusion that digital evidence constitutes a subset of evidence in digital form. Yet, even this conclusion is not entirely absolute, as for digital evidence to be admissible in judicial proceedings, it must satisfy specific prerequisites. These are not merely technical prerequisites—which fall outside the scope of this paper—but primarily legal prerequisites that determine whether “ordinary” digital records may be transformed into “admissible” digital evidence capable of serving as the basis for a court ruling. Digital evidence, as a specific category of evidence in digital form, is distinguished from other types of digital-form evidence by the presence of metadata, which serves to substantiate many of its inherent properties. In the absence of such metadata, digital evidence is reduced to mere evidence in digital form, lacking the distinctive qualities that render it probative and admissible. Metadata is often described as “data about data.” These are digital records which, although sometimes invisible or, if visible, incomprehensible to the ordinary user of information technology, provide the unique “fingerprint” of a digital record. Much like a fingerprint left on a physical piece of evidence, metadata authenticates and preserves the integrity of the digital record. Without such a “fingerprint,” one might say that “the glass is shattered on the floor, but it cannot be determined which of those present threw it.” Metadata thus constitutes the DNA of a digital record. Although technical in its essence, metadata is not merely a technical concept. It also functions as a legal category, explicitly addressed in numerous legal instruments regulating the collection of digital evidence, which underscores its fundamental importance. One of the objectives of this scholarly paper is to make this legal-technical concept more accessible to legal practitioners—judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and others—through illustrative examples and an interpretation of existing international legal norms, thereby enabling them to reason in accordance with relevant international standards. At the same time, by examining domestic (Macedonian) legislation, which addresses this subject within what appears to be a somewhat “forgotten” statute, the paper seeks to highlight the gaps that must be addressed in order to ensure the effective application of these norms. Digital evidence has, by its very nature, always existed in digital form, whereas evidence presented in digital form may have originally existed in written or oral form.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
FROM MANDATORY CONCILIATION TO MANDATORY MEDIATION IN FAMILY DISPUTES INVOLVING CHILDREN NORTH MACEDONIA IN LIGHT OF EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS
(Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law, 2026-02)
Ignovska Elena
This article examines the implications of eventual mandatory mediation in family disputes involving children in North Macedonia, assessed against European human rights and children rights standards. It argues that the existing institute of (re)conciliation (мирење) is outdated and fails to meet European requirements. Introducing a mandatory mediation session in such disputes could increase mediation uptake, de-escalate conflicts, and better safeguard children’s interests. However, mandatory mediation also raises concerns regarding voluntariness, access to courts, and procedural fairness. Through a critical review of international human rights treaties and European legal instruments, alongside national regulation, including the Law on Mediation, the Law on the Family, and the family-related provisions of the Draft Civil Code, the article assesses whether mandatory mediation can effectively “revive” mediation while also advancing the best interests of the child and respecting fundamental rights more broadly.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
OLD HABITS VS. NEW DEMANDS: CHALLENGES IN REFORMING TOP MANAGERS IN THE MACEDONIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
(Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law, 2025-11)
Pavlovska Daneva, Ana
;
Bitrakov, Konstantin
significant factor in determining whether a country will thrive is the quality of its public administration. Citizens are far more likely to enjoy a higher quality of life if their country’s public administration has the capacity to fulfill its duties effectively and perform optimally. The business sector is more likely to develop when the public administration operates smoothly and provides stability, as well as quick and accessible services. The civil sector, likewise, can rely on a capable and responsive partner if the public administration functions transparently and efficiently. In other words, the institutions falling under the umbrella term “public administration” are responsible for enforcing the law (while considering both individual rights and the public interest), implementing policies, supervising compliance with regulations by citizens and legal entities, delivering public services, and more. For that reason, they play a vital role in ensuring citizens’ well-being, fostering a business-friendly environment, and contributing to the development and success of the civil sector. Given this, it is essential that these institutions are properly managed. This requires top public managers who are competent, informed, well-equipped, responsible, and sufficiently independent. In this context, the paper at hand examines top public managers in the Republic of North Macedonia. It explores not only the legal framework governing managers in the public administration (also referred to as top public managers, office holders, elected and appointed persons, or functionaries), but also the actual practices concerning their recruitment, performance evaluation, accountability, and dismissal. The suggestions the authors provide throughout the paper are envisaged as a remedy against the systemic weaknesses that have been identified and that are elaborated upon herein.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Новата европска конфликтна (р)еволуција за вондоговорната одговорност за надомест на штета
(Правен факултет „Јустинијан Први“ во Скопје, УКИМ, 2022)
Дескоски Тони; Доковски Вангел
Проучувајќи ја историската генеза на меѓународното приватно право, несомено ќе заклучиме дека својот развој оваа правна гранка го должи пред сѐ на развојот на теориите за решавање на судирот на законите. Статутарните објаснувања на судирот на законите долго време го имаа својот примат кај секој што го проучуваше меѓународното приватно право. Но, со појавата на американската конфликтна револуција, започна новиот пристап кон изучувањето на меѓународното приватно право, насочен кон идентифиување на најтесната поврзаност на односот со правниот поредок кој треба да биде во примена и давање на пошироки овластувања на судиите при креативниот процес на определување на меродавното право. И навистина, американската конфликтна револуција долг временски период го имаше приматот во обликувањето на меѓународното приватно право. Но, со зајакнувањето на легислативната активност на Европската Унија, како и пасивноста на американските теоретичари во последните години, полека на сцената настапува европската конфликтна револуција која го менува изгледот на меѓународното приватно право. Со донесувањето на голем број регулативи со кои Европската Унија во суштина создаде Европско меѓународно приватно право, се чини именувањето на новиот период како европска конфликтна револуција е сосема оправдано. Па така денес, сѐ повеќе се развива нов правец на размислување во теоријата на приватното право, кој има за цел да биде познат како „права“ односно како „анализа на правата“. Овојправец на анализа подразбира да се развие разбирање на приватното право на облигациите, водено пред сѐ или исклучиво од признавање на правата кои ги имаме еден спрема друг. Во овој текст авторите вршат анализа Регулатива на Парламентот и на Советот на Европската Унија бр. 864/2007 за меродавно право за вондоговорната одговорност (Рим II) (во натамошниот текст: Регулатива Рим II), низ призмата на патот на нејзиното донесување и односот со Хашката конференција за меѓународно приватно право. Авторите поаѓаат од хипотезата во услови на зголемена легислативна активност во делот на унифицирање на правилата на меѓународното приватно право во рамките на Европската Унија, се создава вистинско европско меѓународно приватно право, кое врши и директно влијание врз меѓународното приватно право на трети држави. Основната цел на овој труд е да се анализира процесот на создавање на еднообразни правила за решавање на судирот на законите кај вондоговорната одговорност. За таа цел, авторите ја анализираат наведената Регулатива и Хашките конвенции кои содржат правила за решавање на судирот на законите кај вондоговорната одговорност.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Правни аспекти на вонредната состојба
(Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, 2021)
Камбовски, Владо
;
Лажетиќ, Гордана
;
Павловска-Данева, Ана
;
Мујоска Трпевска, Елена
;
Битраков, Константин
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Broad Judicial Control over the Public Authorities: Primary Objective of the New Law on Administrative Disputes of the Republic of North Macedonia
(Kopaonik School of Natural Law - Slobodan Perovic, 2021)
Pavlovska Daneva, Ana
;
Bitrakov, Konstantin
An administrative dispute is the legal mechanism of judicial oversight over the public authorities. In that respect, the law(s) which regulate the administrative disputes, in terms of their scope, the procedure, the jurisdiction for resolving administrative disputes, etc., are vital for the protection of the citizens’ and legal entities’ rights and interests. Therefore, this paper focuses precisely on the Law on Administrative Disputes of the Republic of North Macedonia adopted in 2019 and in force since 2020. The idea is to present the novelties and resolve certain dilemmas which may appear in the everyday application of the legal provisions. Finally, the aim of this paper is to argue that the broadened scope of the administrative-judicial control is more beneficial for citizens.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
The "New" State Commission for Prevention of Corruption and Its Potential for Effective Prevention of Corruption
(Здружение за кривично право и криминологија на Македонија, 2019)
Pavlovska Daneva, Ana
;
Bitrakov, Konstantin
This paper deals with the core preventive Anti-corruption Agency (ACA) of the Republic of North Macedonia, namely the State Commission for Prevention of Corruption (SCPC). The idea therein is two-fold: firstly, to explain the ACA model which the Republic of North Macedonia has chosen (especially since it can be claimed that the model changed in the beginning of 2019) and, secondly, to criticize some of the characteristics of the respective legal and institutional framework. Of course, we do not aim to analyze every aspect of the SCPC – which would imply a much longer article than the one at hand – but rather to focus on the most important details. In that respect, we would place focus on the SCPC’s competencies (functions, tasks and powers) and discuss if they are properly designed. Furthermore, we would tackle the institutional design and the capacities of the institution, so to illuminate the existing discrepancy between this ACA’s de-jure competencies and de-facto possibilities. Doing so, we would not only draw the attention of the international research community to the SCPC, but also enable comparative researches in the future. What is especially valuable to note is that in multiple of its characteristics, the SCPC is compared to other ACAs in the region of Southeastern Europe too.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Придобивки од примената на алтернативите на затворското казнување
(Здружение за кривично право и криминологија на Македонија, 2020)
Мујоска Трпевска, Елена
;
Битраков, Константин
Прашање што сѐ почесто претставува предмет на интерес во научните трудови од областа на пенологијата и економските науки се придобивките од користењето на алтернативите на казната затвор. Имено, станува збор за обиди да се прикажат (квантифицираат) добивките и трошоците од употребата на казната затвор vis-à-vis алтернативите на законското казнување. Крајната цел, притоа, е да се прикаже дека во дадени ситуации придобивките ќе бидат поголеми доколку судовите изрекуваат алтернативи на казната затвор. Оттаму, со овој труд се настојува да се постават постулатите за понатамошни студии на македонскиот затворски систем од економски аспект. Во текстот најпрво се претставени видовите казни и мерки што ги познава кривичното право во Република Северна Македонија, за потоа да се прикажат начините на кои може да се пресметаат трошоците и придобивките од нив. Освен тоа, во текстот се понудени и компаративни студии за трошоците и добивките поврзани со затворското казнување, односно со употребата на алтернативите на казната затвор. Трудот е напишан со мотив да се привлече вниманието на научната и стручната јавност кон ова исклучително значајно прашање, односно да се поттикнат и други подалекосежни истражувања. Во крајна инстанца, тоа би можело да влијае врз казнената политика во државата.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Investment Protection and Investor-State Dispute Resolution in North Macedonia
(Brill, 2025-03)
Deskoski Toni; Dokovski Vangel
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
ARBITRATING DISPUTES IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
(2024)
Deskoski Toni; Dokovski Vangel
This paper deals with the arbitration framework in North Mace- donia, presenting the dualistic approach to domestic and interna- tional arbitration as provided by the national Law on International Commercial Arbitration (hereafter: LICA) and the national Code of Civil Procedure (hereafter: CPA). The LICA is based on the 1985 UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbi- tration, which provides a legal framework for resolving disputes with an international element, allowing the parties the freedom to choose between ad hoc or institutional arbitration. Contrary to that, domestic disputes are exclusively reserved for institutio- nal arbitration. Furthermore, this paper addresses subjective and objective arbitrability, and analyzes the arbitrability of corporate, employment and defamation disputes. The procedural aspects of arbitration, particularly the role of institutional arbitration in North Macedonia and the governing rules for arbitration proce- dures, are also exploited. The issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in North Macedonia is also analyzed in this paper. Recent judicial practices have demonstrated deviation from the Private International Law Act (hereafter: PIL Act), notably turning ex parte proceedings into contradictory ones, which undermines the PIL Act. A case involving the refusal to recognize a Partial ICCAward from Poland and later setting aside the award illustrates these issues, as the court failed to properly apply the LICA and the PIL Act. This deviation is also analyzed in the paper.

Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law

Browse

Filters

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results