Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/7477
Title: Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
Authors: Abarca-Gómez, Leandra
Abdeen, Ziad A
Hamid, Zargar Abdul
Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M
Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin
Acuin, Cecilia
Adams, Robert J
Aekplakorn, Wichai
Afsana, Kaosar
Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A
Agyemang, Charles
Ahmadvand, Alireza
Ahrens, Wolfgang
Ajlouni, Kamel
Akhtaeva, Nazgul
Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M
Al-Othman, Amani Rashed
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Al Buhairan, Fadia
Al Dhukair, Shahla
Ali, Mohamed M
Ali, Osman
Alkerwi, Ala'a
Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar
Aly, Eman
Amarapurkar, Deepak N
Amouyel, Philippe
Amuzu, Antoinette
Andersen, Lars Bo
Anderssen, Sigmund A
Andrade, Dolores S
Ängquist, Lars H
Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer
Araújo, Joana
Ariansen, Inger
Aris, Tahir
Arlappa, Nimmathota
Arveiler, Dominique
Aryal, Krishna K
Aspelund, Thor
Assah, Felix K
Assunção, Maria Cecília F
Aung, May Soe
Avdicová, Mária
Azevedo, Ana
Azizi, Fereidoun
Babu, Bontha V
Bahijri, Suhad
Baker, Jennifer L
Balakrishna, Nagalla
Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed
Banach, Maciej
Bandosz, Piotr
Banegas, José R
Barbagallo, Carlo M
Barceló, Alberto
Barkat, Amina
Barros, Aluisio JD
Barros, Mauro VG
Bata, Iqbal
Batieha, Anwar M
Batista, Rosangela L
Batyrbek, Assembekov
Baur, Louise A
Beaglehole, Robert
Romdhane, Habiba Ben
Benedics, Judith
Benet, Mikhail
Bennett, James E
Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
Bernotiene, Gailute
Bettiol, Heloisa
Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor
Bharadwaj, Sumit
Bhargava, Santosh K
Bhatti, Zaid
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Bi, Hongsheng
Bi, Yufang
Biehl, Anna
Bikbov, Mukharram
Bista, Bihungum
Bjelica, Dusko J
Bjerregaard, Peter
Bjertness, Espen
Bjertness, Marius B
Björkelund, Cecilia
Blokstra, Anneke
Bo, Simona
Bobak, Martin
Boddy, Lynne M
Boehm, Bernhard O
Boeing, Heiner
Boggia, Jose G
Boissonnet, Carlos P
Bonaccio, Marialaura
Bongard, Vanina
Bovet, Pascal
Braeckevelt, Lien
Braeckman, Lutgart
Bragt, Marjolijn CE
Brajkovich, Imperia
Branca, Francesco
Breckenkamp, Juergen
Breda, João
Brenner, Hermann
Brewster, Lizzy M
Brian, Garry R
Brinduse, Lacramioara
Bruno, Graziella
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as)
Bugge, Anna
Buoncristiano, Marta
Burazeri, Genc
Burns, Con
de León, Antonio Cabrera
Cacciottolo, Joseph
Cai, Hui
Cama, Tilema
Cameron, Christine
Camolas, José
Can, Günay
Cândido, Ana Paula C
Capanzana, Mario
Capuano, Vincenzo
Cardoso, Viviane C
Carlsson, Axel C
Carvalho, Maria J
Casanueva, Felipe F
Casas, Juan-Pablo
Caserta, Carmelo A
Chamukuttan, Snehalatha
Chan, Angelique W
Chan, Queenie
Chaturvedi, Himanshu K
Chaturvedi, Nishi
Chen, Chien-Jen
Chen, Fangfang
Chen, Huashuai
Chen, Shuohua
Chen, Zhengming
Cheng, Ching-Yu
Chetrit, Angela
Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina
Chiolero, Arnaud
Chiou, Shu-Ti
Chirita-Emandi, Adela
Chirlaque, María-Dolores
Cho, Belong
Cho, Yumi
Christensen, Kaare
Christofaro, Diego G
Chudek, Jerzy
Cifkova, Renata
Cinteza, Eliza
Claessens, Frank
Clays, Els
Concin, Hans
Confortin, Susana C
Cooper, Cyrus
Cooper, Rachel
Coppinger, Tara C
Costanzo, Simona
Cottel, Dominique
Cowell, Chris
Craig, Cora L
Crujeiras, Ana B
Cucu, Alexandra
D'Arrigo, Graziella
d'Orsi, Eleonora
Dallongeville, Jean
Damasceno, Albertino
Damsgaard, Camilla T
Danaei, Goodarz
Dankner, Rachel
Dantoft, Thomas M
Dastgiri, Saeed
Dauchet, Luc
Davletov, Kairat
De Backer, Guy
De Bacquer, Dirk
De Curtis, Amalia
de Gaetano, Giovanni
De Henauw, Stefaan
de Oliveira, Paula Duarte
De Ridder, Karin
De Smedt, Delphine
Deepa, Mohan
Deev, Alexander D
Dehghan, Abbas
Delisle, Hélène
Delpeuch, Francis
Deschamps, Valérie
Dhana, Klodian
Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F
Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares
Diaz, Alejandro
Dika, Zivka
Djalalinia, Shirin
Do, Ha TP
Dobson, Annette J
Donati, Maria Benedetta
Donfrancesco, Chiara
Donoso, Silvana P
Döring, Angela
Dorobantu, Maria
Dorosty, Ahmad Reza
Doua, Kouamelan
Drygas, Wojciech
Duan, Jia Li
Duante, Charmaine
Duleva, Vesselka
Dulskiene, Virginija
Dzerve, Vilnis
Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta
Egbagbe, Eruke E
Eggertsen, Robert
Eiben, Gabriele
Ekelund, Ulf
El Ati, Jalila
Elliott, Paul
Engle-Stone, Reina
Erasmus, Rajiv T
Erem, Cihangir
Eriksen, Louise
Eriksson, Johan G
la Peña, Jorge Escobedo-de
Evans, Alun
Faeh, David
Fall, Caroline H
Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia
Farzadfar, Farshad
Felix-Redondo, Francisco J
Ferguson, Trevor S
Fernandes, Romulo A
Fernández-Bergés, Daniel
Ferrante, Daniel
Ferrari, Marika
Ferreccio, Catterina
Ferrieres, Jean
Finn, Joseph D
Fischer, Krista
Flores, Eric Monterubio
Föger, Bernhard
Foo, Leng Huat
Forslund, Ann-Sofie
Forsner, Maria
Fouad, Heba M
Francis, Damian K
Franco, Maria do Carmo
Franco, Oscar H
Frontera, Guillermo
Fuchs, Flavio D
Fuchs, Sandra C
Fujita, Yuki
Furusawa, Takuro
Gaciong, Zbigniew
Gafencu, Mihai
Galeone, Daniela
Galvano, Fabio
Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli
Gareta, Dickman
Garnett, Sarah P
Gaspoz, Jean-Michel
Gasull, Magda
Gates, Louise
Geiger, Harald
Geleijnse, Johanna M
Ghasemian, Anoosheh
Giampaoli, Simona
Gianfagna, Francesco
Gill, Tiffany K
Giovannelli, Jonathan
Giwercman, Aleksander
Godos, Justyna
Gogen, Sibel
Goldsmith, Rebecca A
Goltzman, David
Gonçalves, Helen
González-Leon, Margot
González-Rivas, Juan P
Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela
Gottrand, Frederic
Graça, Antonio Pedro
Graff-Iversen, Sidsel
Grafnetter, Dušan
Grajda, Aneta
Grammatikopoulou, Maria G
Gregor, Ronald D
Grodzicki, Tomasz
Grøntved, Anders
Grosso, Giuseppe
Gruden, Gabriella
Grujic, Vera
Gu, Dongfeng
Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela
Guallar-Castillón, Pilar
Guan, Ong Peng
Gudmundsson, Elias F
Gudnason, Vilmundur
Guerrero, Ramiro
Guessous, Idris
Guimaraes, Andre L
Gulliford, Martin C
Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna
Gunter, Marc
Guo, Xiuhua
Guo, Yin
Gupta, Prakash C
Gupta, Rajeev
Gureje, Oye
Gurzkowska, Beata
Gutierrez, Laura
Gutzwiller, Felix
Hadaegh, Farzad
Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A
Si-Ramlee, Khairil
Halkjær, Jytte
Hambleton, Ian R
Hardy, Rebecca
Kumar, Rachakulla Hari
Hassapidou, Maria
Hata, Jun
Hayes, Alison J
He, Jiang
Heidinger-Felso, Regina
Heinen, Mirjam
Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth
Henriques, Ana
Cadena, Leticia Hernandez
Herrala, Sauli
Herrera, Victor M
Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle
Heshmat, Ramin
Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani
Ho, Sai Yin
Ho, Suzanne C
Hobbs, Michael
Hofman, Albert
Hopman, Wilma M
Horimoto, Andrea RVR
Hormiga, Claudia M
Horta, Bernardo L
Houti, Leila
Howitt, Christina
Htay, Thein Thein
Htet, Aung Soe
Htike, Maung Maung Than
Hu, Yonghua
Huerta, José María
Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac
Huisman, Martijn
Husseini, Abdullatif
Huu, Chinh Nguyen
Huybrechts, Inge
Hwalla, Nahla
Hyska, Jolanda
Iacoviello, Licia
Iannone, Anna G
Ibarluzea, Jesús M
Ibrahim, Mohsen M
Ikeda, Nayu
Ikram, M Arfan
Irazola, Vilma E
Islam, Muhammad
Ismail, Aziz al-Safi
Ivkovic, Vanja
Iwasaki, Masanori
Jackson, Rod T
Jacobs, Jeremy M
Jaddou, Hashem
Jafar, Tazeen
Jamil, Kazi M
Jamrozik, Konrad
Janszky, Imre
Jarani, Juel
Jasienska, Grazyna
Jelakovic, Ana
Jelakovic, Bojan
Jennings, Garry
Jeong, Seung-Lyeal
Jiang, Chao Qiang
Jiménez-Acosta, Santa Magaly
Joffres, Michel
Johansson, Mattias
Jonas, Jost B
Jørgensen, Torben
Joshi, Pradeep
Jovic, Dragana P
Józwiak, Jacek
Juolevi, Anne
Jurak, Gregor
Jureša, Vesna
Kaaks, Rudolf
Kafatos, Anthony
Kajantie, Eero O
Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra
Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi
Kapantais, Efthymios
Karki, Khem B
Kasaeian, Amir
Katz, Joanne
Kauhanen, Jussi
Kaur, Prabhdeep
Kavousi, Maryam
Kazakbaeva, Gyulli
Keil, Ulrich
Boker, Lital Keinan
Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka
Kelishadi, Roya
Kelleher, Cecily
Kemper, Han CG
Kengne, Andre P
Kerimkulova, Alina
Kersting, Mathilde
Key, Timothy
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khalili, Davood
Khang, Young-Ho
Khateeb, Mohammad
Khaw, Kay-Tee
Khouw, Ilse MSL
Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula
Kiechl, Stefan
Killewo, Japhet
Kim, Jeongseon
Kim, Yeon-Yong
Klimont, Jeannette
Klumbiene, Jurate
Knoflach, Michael
Koirala, Bhawesh
Kolle, Elin
Kolsteren, Patrick
Korrovits, Paul
Kos, Jelena
Koskinen, Seppo
Kouda, Katsuyasu
Kovacs, Viktoria A
Kowlessur, Sudhir
Koziel, Slawomir
Kratzer, Wolfgang
Kriemler, Susi
Kristensen, Peter Lund
Krokstad, Steinar
Kromhout, Daan
Kruger, Herculina S
Kubinova, Ruzena
Kuciene, Renata
Kuh, Diana
Kujala, Urho M
Kulaga, Zbigniew
Kumar, R Krishna
Kunešová, Marie
Kurjata, Pawel
Kusuma, Yadlapalli S
Kuulasmaa, Kari
Kyobutungi, Catherine
La, Quang Ngoc
Laamiri, Fatima Zahra
Laatikainen, Tiina
Lachat, Carl
Laid, Youcef
Lam, Tai Hing
Landrove, Orlando
Lanska, Vera
Lappas, Georg
Larijani, Bagher
Laugsand, Lars E
Lauria, Laura
Laxmaiah, Avula
Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen
Le, Tuyen D
Lebanan, May Antonnette O
Leclercq, Catherine
Lee, Jeannette
Lee, Jeonghee
Lehtimäki, Terho
León-Muñoz, Luz M
Levitt, Naomi S
Li, Yanping
Lilly, Christa L
Lim, Wei-Yen
Lima-Costa, M Fernanda
Lin, Hsien-Ho
Lin, Xu
Lind, Lars
Linneberg, Allan
Lissner, Lauren
Litwin, Mieczyslaw
Liu, Jing
Loit, Helle-Mai
Lopes, Luis
Lorbeer, Roberto
Lotufo, Paulo A
Lozano, José Eugenio
Luksiene, Dalia
Lundqvist, Annamari
Lunet, Nuno
Lytsy, Per
Ma, Guansheng
Ma, Jun
Machado-Coelho, George LL
Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M
Machi, Suka
Maggi, Stefania
Magliano, Dianna J
Magriplis, Emmanuella
Mahaletchumy, Alagappan
Maire, Bernard
Majer, Marjeta
Makdisse, Marcia
Malekzadeh, Reza
Malhotra, Rahul
Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
Malyutina, Sofia
Manios, Yannis
Mann, Jim I
Manzato, Enzo
Margozzini, Paula
Markaki, Anastasia
Markey, Oonagh
Marques, Larissa P
Marques-Vidal, Pedro
Marrugat, Jaume
Martin-Prevel, Yves
Martin, Rosemarie
Martorell, Reynaldo
Martos, Eva
Marventano, Stefano
Masoodi, Shariq R
Mathiesen, Ellisiv B
Matijasevich, Alicia
Matsha, Tandi E
Mazur, Artur
Mbanya, Jean Claude N
McFarlane, Shelly R
McGarvey, Stephen T
McKee, Martin
McLachlan, Stela
McLean, Rachael M
McLean, Scott B
McNulty, Breige A
Yusof, Safiah Md
Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia
Medzioniene, Jurate
Meirhaeghe, Aline
Meisfjord, Jørgen
Meisinger, Christa
Menezes, Ana Maria B
Menon, Geetha R
Mensink, Gert BM
Meshram, Indrapal I
Metspalu, Andres
Meyer, Haakon E
Mi, Jie
Michaelsen, Kim F
Michels, Nathalie
Mikkel, Kairit
Miller, Jody C
Minderico, Cláudia S
Miquel, Juan Francisco
Miranda, J Jaime
Mirkopoulou, Daphne
Mirrakhimov, Erkin
Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta
Mistretta, Antonio
Mocanu, Veronica
Modesti, Pietro A
Mohamed, Mostafa K
Mohammad, Kazem
Mohammadifard, Noushin
Mohan, Viswanathan
Mohanna, Salim
Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
Molbo, Drude
Møllehave, Line T
Møller, Niels C
Molnár, Dénes
Momenan, Amirabbas
Mondo, Charles K
Monterrubio, Eric A
Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K
Moon, Jin Soo
Moreira, Leila B
Morejon, Alain
Moreno, Luis A
Morgan, Karen
Mortensen, Erik Lykke
Moschonis, George
Mossakowska, Malgorzata
Mostafa, Aya
Mota, Jorge
Mota-Pinto, Anabela
Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel
Motta, Jorge
Mu, Thet Thet
Muc, Magdalena
Muiesan, Maria Lorenza
Müller-Nurasyid, Martina
Murphy, Neil
Mursu, Jaakko
Murtagh, Elaine M
Musil, Vera
Nabipour, Iraj
Nagel, Gabriele
Naidu, Balkish M
Nakamura, Harunobu
Námešná, Jana
Nang, Ei Ei K
Nangia, Vinay B
Nankap, Martin
Narake, Sameer
Nardone, Paola
Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria
Neal, William A
Nenko, Ilona
Neovius, Martin
Nervi, Flavio
Nguyen, Chung T
Nguyen, Nguyen D
Nguyen, Quang Ngoc
Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E
Ning, Guang
Ninomiya, Toshiharu
Nishtar, Sania
Noale, Marianna
Noboa, Oscar A
Norat, Teresa
Norie, Sawada
Noto, Davide
Nsour, Mohannad Al
O'Reilly, Dermot
Obreja, Galina
Oda, Eiji
Oehlers, Glenn
Oh, Kyungwon
Ohara, Kumiko
Olafsson, Örn
Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo
Oliveira, Isabel O
Oltarzewski, Maciej
Omar, Mohd Azahadi
Onat, Altan
Ong, Sok King
Ono, Lariane M
Ordunez, Pedro
Ornelas, Rui
Ortiz, Ana P
Osler, Merete
Osmond, Clive
Ostojic, Sergej M
Ostovar, Afshin
Otero, Johanna A
Overvad, Kim
Owusu-Dabo, Ellis
Paccaud, Fred Michel
Padez, Cristina
Pahomova, Elena
Pajak, Andrzej
Palli, Domenico
Palloni, Alberto
Palmieri, Luigi
Pan, Wen-Harn
Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
Pandey, Arvind
Panza, Francesco
Papandreou, Dimitrios
Park, Soon-Woo
Parnell, Winsome R
Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
Pascanu, Ionela M
Patel, Nikhil D
Pecin, Ivan
Pednekar, Mangesh S
Peer, Nasheeta
Peeters, Petra H
Peixoto, Sergio Viana
Peltonen, Markku
Pereira, Alexandre C
Perez-Farinos, Napoleon
Pérez, Cynthia M
Peters, Annette
Petkeviciene, Janina
Petrauskiene, Ausra
Peykari, Niloofar
Pham, Son Thai
Pierannunzio, Daniela
Pigeot, Iris
Pikhart, Hynek
Pilav, Aida
Pilotto, Lorenza
Pistelli, Francesco
Pitakaka, Freda
Piwonska, Aleksandra
Plans-Rubió, Pedro
Poh, Bee Koon
Pohlabeln, Hermann
Pop, Raluca M
Popovic, Stevo R
Porta, Miquel
Portegies, Marileen LP
Posch, Georg
Poulimeneas, Dimitrios
Pouraram, Hamed
Pourshams, Akram
Poustchi, Hossein
Pradeepa, Rajendra
Prashant, Mathur
Price, Jacqueline F
Puder, Jardena J
Pudule, Iveta
Puiu, Maria
Punab, Margus
Qasrawi, Radwan F
Qorbani, Mostafa
Bao, Tran Quoc
Radic, Ivana
Radisauskas, Ricardas
Rahman, Mahfuzar
Rahman, Mahmudur
Raitakari, Olli
Raj, Manu
Rao, Sudha Ramachandra
Ramachandran, Ambady
Ramke, Jacqueline
Ramos, Elisabete
Ramos, Rafel
Rampal, Lekhraj
Rampal, Sanjay
Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A
Redon, Josep
Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M
Ribas-Barba, Lourdes
Ribeiro, Robespierre
Riboli, Elio
Rigo, Fernando
de Wit, Tobias F Rinke
Rito, Ana
Ritti-Dias, Raphael M
Rivera, Juan A
Robinson, Sian M
Robitaille, Cynthia
Rodrigues, Daniela
Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando
del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María
Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A
Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba
Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa
Romaguera, Dora
Ronkainen, Kimmo
Rosengren, Annika
Rouse, Ian
Roy, Joel GR
Rubinstein, Adolfo
Rühli, Frank J
Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra
Russo, Paola
Rutkowski, Marcin
Sabanayagam, Charumathi
Sachdev, Harshpal S
Saidi, Olfa
Salanave, Benoit
Martinez, Eduardo Salazar
Salmerón, Diego
Salomaa, Veikko
Salonen, Jukka T
Salvetti, Massimo
Sánchez-Abanto, Jose
Sandjaja, null
Sans, Susana
Marina, Loreto Santa
Santos, Diana A
Santos, Ina S
Santos, Osvaldo
dos Santos, Renata Nunes
Santos, Rute
Saramies, Jouko L
Sardinha, Luis B
Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
Saum, Kai-Uwe
Savva, Savvas
Savy, Mathilde
Scazufca, Marcia
Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath
Schargrodsky, Herman
Schienkiewitz, Anja
Schipf, Sabine
Schmidt, Carsten O
Schmidt, Ida Maria
Schultsz, Constance
Schutte, Aletta E
Sein, Aye Aye
Sen, Abhijit
Senbanjo, Idowu O
Sepanlou, Sadaf G
Serra-Majem, Luis
Shalnova, Svetlana A
Sharma, Sanjib K
Shaw, Jonathan E
Shibuya, Kenji
Shin, Dong Wook
Shin, Youchan
Shiri, Rahman
Siani, Alfonso
Siantar, Rosalynn
Sibai, Abla M
Silva, Antonio M
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
Simon, Mary
Simons, Judith
Simons, Leon A
Sjöberg, Agneta
Sjöström, Michael
Skovbjerg, Sine
Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta
Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw
Smeeth, Liam
Smith, Margaret C
Snijder, Marieke B
So, Hung-Kwan
Sobngwi, Eugène
Söderberg, Stefan
Soekatri, Moesijanti YE
Solfrizzi, Vincenzo
Sonestedt, Emily
Song, Yi
Sørensen, Thorkild IA
Soric, Maroje
Jérome, Charles Sossa
Soumare, Aicha
Spinelli, Angela
Spiroski, Igor 
Staessen, Jan A
Stamm, Hanspeter
Starc, Gregor
Stathopoulou, Maria G
Staub, Kaspar
Stavreski, Bill
Steene-Johannessen, Jostein
Stehle, Peter
Stein, Aryeh D
Stergiou, George S
Stessman, Jochanan
Stieber, Jutta
Stöckl, Doris
Stocks, Tanja
Stokwiszewski, Jakub
Stratton, Gareth
Stronks, Karien
Strufaldi, Maria Wany
Suárez-Medina, Ramón
Sun, Chien-An
Sundström, Johan
Sung, Yn-Tz
Sunyer, Jordi
Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul
Swinburn, Boyd A
Sy, Rody G
Szponar, Lucjan
Tai, E Shyong
Tammesoo, Mari-Liis
Tamosiunas, Abdonas
Tan, Eng Joo
Tang, Xun
Tanser, Frank
Tao, Yong
Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul
Tarp, Jakob
Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B
Tautu, Oana-Florentina
Braunerová, Radka Taxová
Taylor, Anne
Tchibindat, Félicité
Theobald, Holger
Theodoridis, Xenophon
Thijs, Lutgarde
Thuesen, Betina H
Tjonneland, Anne
Tolonen, Hanna K
Tolstrup, Janne S
Topbas, Murat
Topór-Madry, Roman
Tormo, María José
Tornaritis, Michael J
Torrent, Maties
Toselli, Stefania
Traissac, Pierre
Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
Trichopoulou, Antonia
Trinh, Oanh TH
Trivedi, Atul
Tshepo, Lechaba
Tsigga, Maria
Tsugane, Shoichiro
Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K
Tullu, Fikru
Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
Tuomilehto, Jaakko
Turley, Maria L
Tynelius, Per
Tzotzas, Themistoklis
Tzourio, Christophe
Ueda, Peter
Ugel, Eunice E
Ukoli, Flora AM
Ulmer, Hanno
Unal, Belgin
Uusitalo, Hannu MT
Valdivia, Gonzalo
Vale, Susana
Valvi, Damaskini
van der Schouw, Yvonne T
Van Herck, Koen
Van Minh, Hoang
van Rossem, Lenie
Van Schoor, Natasja M
van Valkengoed, Irene GM
Vanderschueren, Dirk
Vanuzzo, Diego
Vatten, Lars
Vega, Tomas
Veidebaum, Toomas
Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo
Velika, Biruta
Veronesi, Giovanni
Verschuren, WM Monique
Victora, Cesar G
Viegi, Giovanni
Viet, Lucie
Viikari-Juntura, Eira
Vineis, Paolo
Vioque, Jesus
Virtanen, Jyrki K
Visvikis-Siest, Sophie
Viswanathan, Bharathi
Vlasoff, Tiina
Vollenweider, Peter
Völzke, Henry
Voutilainen, Sari
Vrijheid, Martine
Wade, Alisha N
Wagner, Aline
Waldhör, Thomas
Walton, Janette
Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan
Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan
Wanderley, Rildo S
Wang, Ming-Dong
Wang, Qian
Wang, Ya Xing
Wang, Ying-Wei
Wannamethee, S Goya
Wareham, Nicholas
Weber, Adelheid
Wedderkopp, Niels
Weerasekera, Deepa
Whincup, Peter H
Widhalm, Kurt
Widyahening, Indah S
Wiecek, Andrzej
Wijga, Alet H
Wilks, Rainford J
Willeit, Johann
Willeit, Peter
Wilsgaard, Tom
Wojtyniak, Bogdan
Wong-McClure, Roy A
Wong, Justin YY
Wong, Jyh Eiin
Wong, Tien Yin
Woo, Jean
Woodward, Mark
Wu, Frederick C
Wu, Jianfeng
Wu, Shouling
Xu, Haiquan
Xu, Liang
Yamborisut, Uruwan
Yan, Weili
Yang, Xiaoguang
Yardim, Nazan
Ye, Xingwang
Yiallouros, Panayiotis K
Yngve, Agneta
Yoshihara, Akihiro
You, Qi Sheng
Younger-Coleman, Novie O
Yusoff, Faudzi
Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M
Zaccagni, Luciana
Zafiropulos, Vassilis
Zainuddin, Ahmad A
Zambon, Sabina
Zampelas, Antonis
Zamrazilová, Hana
Zdrojewski, Tomasz
Zeng, Yi
Zhao, Dong
Zhao, Wenhua
Zheng, Wei
Zheng, Yingfeng
Zholdin, Bekbolat
Zhou, Maigeng
Zhu, Dan
Zhussupov, Baurzhan
Zimmermann, Esther
Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga
Bentham, James
Di Cesare, Mariachiara
Bilano, Ver
Bixby, Honor
Zhou, Bin
Stevens, Gretchen A
Riley, Leanne M
Taddei, Cristina
Hajifathalian, Kaveh
Lu, Yuan
Savin, Stefan
Cowan, Melanie J
Paciorek, Christopher J
Chirita-Emandi, Adela
Hayes, Alison J
Katz, Joanne
Kelishadi, Roya
Kengne, Andre Pascal
Khang, Young-Ho
Laxmaiah, Avula
Li, Yanping
Ma, Jun
Miranda, J Jaime
Mostafa, Aya
Neovius, Martin
Padez, Cristina
Rampal, Lekhraj
Zhu, Aubrianna
Bennett, James E
Danaei, Goodarz
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Ezzati, Majid
Issue Date: Dec-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Journal: The Lancet
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. METHODS: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). FINDINGS: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. INTERPRETATION: The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/7477
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3
Appears in Collections:Faculty of Medicine: Journal Articles

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
Worldwide_trends_obesity.pdf3.41 MBAdobe PDFThumbnail
View/Open
Show full item record

Page view(s)

77
checked on Mar 28, 2024

Download(s)

13
checked on Mar 28, 2024

Google ScholarTM

Check

Altmetric


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.