THE ROLE OF SHOCKWAVE INTRAVASCULAR LITHOTRIPSY IN THE TREATMENT OF HEAVILY CALCIFIED CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS: OUR FIRST EXPERIENCE
Journal
Macedonian Journal of Anaesthesia
Date Issued
2025-12-17
Author(s)
Jovkovski, Aleksandar
Manev, Nikola
Goce Delcev University, Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski" - Skopje, Norwich University, Saints Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
DOI
10.55302/MJA2594144b
Abstract
Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is typically a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of the coronary arteries caused by coronary atherosclerosis. Moderate-to-severe calcification is present in up to 30% of patients undergoing coronary angiography (CA). Calcified coronary artery lesions are one of the most complex and challenging lesion subsets in interventional cardiology. Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a recently introduced calcium-modifying technique for the treatment of concentric, eccentric and nodular calcifications.
Case presentation: We present a clinical case of a 73-year-old male complaining of intermittent chest pain. He was a non-smoker with a positive familiar history for CVD. He had previous myocardial infarction and stenting of the right coronary artery (RCA), previous CVI, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage II/IIIa. CA revealed heavily calcified CAD. A calcified lesion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was treated using a 3.0/12 mm Shockwave IVL balloon; and calcium cracks and fractures were confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We proceeded with an NC balloon and finally treated the lesion with a 3.5/15 mm drug-coated balloon (DCB). The calcified lesion of the RCA was treated with conventional techniques using guiding catheter extension, NC balloons and drug-eluting stent (DES).
Conclusion: Heavily calcified coronary artery lesions remain one of the biggest challenges for interventional cardiologists. Shockwave IVL is designed for treatment of all types of heavily calcified lesions using acoustic waves (shock waves). IVL is safe and effective technique that will definitely strengthen the armamentarium for modern treatment of heavily calcified lesions.
Case presentation: We present a clinical case of a 73-year-old male complaining of intermittent chest pain. He was a non-smoker with a positive familiar history for CVD. He had previous myocardial infarction and stenting of the right coronary artery (RCA), previous CVI, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage II/IIIa. CA revealed heavily calcified CAD. A calcified lesion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was treated using a 3.0/12 mm Shockwave IVL balloon; and calcium cracks and fractures were confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We proceeded with an NC balloon and finally treated the lesion with a 3.5/15 mm drug-coated balloon (DCB). The calcified lesion of the RCA was treated with conventional techniques using guiding catheter extension, NC balloons and drug-eluting stent (DES).
Conclusion: Heavily calcified coronary artery lesions remain one of the biggest challenges for interventional cardiologists. Shockwave IVL is designed for treatment of all types of heavily calcified lesions using acoustic waves (shock waves). IVL is safe and effective technique that will definitely strengthen the armamentarium for modern treatment of heavily calcified lesions.