The azygos vein as an alternative route for haemodialysis catheterisation
Journal
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
Date Issued
2025-05-20
Author(s)
Janushevski, Filip
DOI
10.12890/2025_005441
Abstract
Introduction: Central venous catheterisation (CVC) is essential for haemodialysis in end-stage kidney disease, but superior vena cava (SVC) stenosis or occlusion often complicates long-term access. The azygos vein, a collateral drainage pathway, has been rarely used intentionally for catheterisation.
Case description: We report on a 68-year-old male on haemodialysis with SVC perforation and stenosis due to prolonged catheter use. After a failed guidewire-assisted exchange, a non-tunnelled CVC was successfully placed in the enlarged azygos vein under fluoroscopy. The patient continued haemodialysis without complications, and the two-month follow-up confirmed catheter patency.
Conclusion: This case demonstrates the azygos vein as a viable alternative for haemodialysis access in SVC stenosis.
Case description: We report on a 68-year-old male on haemodialysis with SVC perforation and stenosis due to prolonged catheter use. After a failed guidewire-assisted exchange, a non-tunnelled CVC was successfully placed in the enlarged azygos vein under fluoroscopy. The patient continued haemodialysis without complications, and the two-month follow-up confirmed catheter patency.
Conclusion: This case demonstrates the azygos vein as a viable alternative for haemodialysis access in SVC stenosis.