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    Новитети на Законот за меѓународно приватно право во однос на определувањето на меродавното право за семејните односи
    (Институт за правно-економски истражувања и едукација Јуридика Прима, 2022-05-12)
    Законот за меѓународно приватно право од 2020 година претставува темелна реформа на нашето национално меѓународно приватно право. Реформите настанаа како резултат на целосната хармонизација на македонското МПП со МПП на ЕУ при што решенијата во Регулативите на ЕУ поврзани со прекуграничните семејни односи беа инкорпорирани во дoмашните правни правила. Тоа значи, инфлација на прописи, кои создаваат определена потешкотија во апсорпцијата од страна на праксата и разбирањето на овие правила е од огромно значење ако се има предвид дека семејните односи со странски елемент се најзастапени случаи во Република Македонија во делот на МПП. Разводот на бракот, односите на родителите и децата, издржувањето се само едни од правните односи кои претрпеа промена. Оваа статија има за цел да даде пресек на решенијата поврзани со МПП во семејните односи и да ги детектира слабите точки кои можат да направат проблеми во праксата.
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    SPECIALIZATION OF JURISDICTION BACK FROM OBLIVION – A NEW ATTENTIVE AND ASSIDOUS APPROACH TO COMPLEX CROSS BORDER FAMILY LAW CASES OR POSSIBLE REVITALIZATION OF ‘MUTUAL TRUST’
    (Faculty of Law Osijek Stjepana Radica 13 31000 Osijek, 2021-07-26)
    Rakočević, Milka
    ;
    New trend emerges in the quest for establishing real actual trust between the main stakeholders in the complex cross border family law cases, which is providing for concentration of jurisdiction. The Hague Conference of Private International Law (HCCH) and the European Union (EU) are in forefront of establishing concentrating jurisdiction for those proceedings based on limitation of the number of courts in order to solve two problems: to enhance the predictability and the uniformity of the outcomes in these cases and to re-establish the mutual trust on realistic grounds instead of its current notion as a political decision. Such strategy is welcomed since it starts from the bottom and it tends to elevate the trust between the persons concerned in these proceedings and with that it stretches its prerogatives to the top, which is to enhance the trust between the legal systems. Whether it will succeed it depends again on the modalities of its establishment in the national legal systems. Generally, specialization of jurisdiction is frequently considered to be an important reform initiative in improving the development of a successful judicial system which is why it is recognized as a rapidly growing trend regarding the organization of the judiciary systems worldwide. The article will discuss the concepts of specialization of jurisdiction and its possible implementation in the national legal system of Republic of North Macedonia (N. Macedonia) regarding the complex cross border family law cases.
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    Contemporary challenges of the cross border maintenance obligations system in the Republic of Macedonia
    (Faculty of Law Osijek Stjepana Radica 13 31000 Osijek, 2018-05-05)
    The legal rules in the Republic of Macedonia regarding cross border recovery of maintenance have been more or less unchanged from the Yugoslav Act Concerning the Resolution of Conflicts of Laws with Provisions of Other States in Certain Matters (PIL act of 1982). This means that most of the jurisdictional rules and the conflict of law rules are now turning 35 years. Meanwhile the Hague Conference of Private International Law has provided for two new legal acts, the 2007 Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance and the 2007 Hague Protocol on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations which introduce new conflict of law rules regarding maintenance obligations. Moreover, the EU has adapted a new Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 of 18 December 2008 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and coopera-tion in matters relating to maintenance obligations. In this context the Republic of Macedonia (as a EU candidate country) now faces contemporary challenges to adjust its legal system to the new jurisdictional criteria and conflict of law rules developed by the Hague Conference of Private International Law and the EU. This article firstly gives a brief overview of the current PIL rules regarding recovery of maintenance in the Republic of Macedonia, comparing them to the rules provided in the 2007 Hague Protocol and the Maintenance Regulation and secondly it will address the means of the adjustment of such rules in the Republic of Macedonia
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    IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW 2019 HAGUE CONVENTION ON RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS ON THE NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS OF COUNTRIES IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE
    (Faculty of Law Osijek Stjepana Radica 13 31000 Osijek, 2019-06-12)
    The diplomatic session of the Hague Conference on Private International Law (Hague Conference) regarding the “Judgments Project” will be held between 18 June – 02 July 2019 in the Hague when it is expected that the long awaited Hague Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments (new 2019 Hague Convention) will be adopted. This Convention comes as a result of 27 years of work that has been done in the course of this project of the Hague Conference and it can be said that is one of the most awaited developments in Private International Law. The success of the convention cannot be predicted at this point because large number of factors impact the outcome of the convention. However benefits from having an international agreement dealing with cross border recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is self-evident. More than ever there is a need of a single instrument that will contain unified conditions for recognition and enforcement and ease the cross border circulation of judgments. Only a brief look at the New York Convention on recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards (New York Convention) provides for glimpse of the benefits from having such instrument. So what will this mean for the countries of South Eastern Europe? What will be the interest of the countries to be part of this Convention? How much are the national legal systems compatible with the rules provided in the Hague convention? This article will try to answer these questions, together with the implications that the Hague Convention will have on the South Eastern Europe region. Moreover this is of huge importance since most of the countries of South Eastern Europe region are part of the European Union or are candidate countries. So has the time come for a structural change of the national recognition and enforcement systems and how far reaching will be the consequences on the national legal systems?
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    СТРУКТУРАЛНАТА ПОСТАВЕНОСТ НА ЕВРОПСКАТА УНИЈА ВО РАМКИТЕ НА ХАШКАТА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЈА ЗА МЕЃУНАРОДНО ПРИВАТНО ПРАВО: ПАРТНЕРИ ИЛИ СОПЕРНИЦИ?
    (Правен факултет „Јустинијан Први“ - Скопје, 2021)
    Gavroska, Poliksena
    ;
    Ретко која меѓународна организација има толку влијание во фузионирањето и развојот на една правна наука како што тоа го прави Хашката конференција за меѓународно приватно право. Денеска сме сведоци на едни нови предизвици пред кои се наоѓа меѓународното приватно право, а кои се предизвикани од зголемените надлежности што Европската Унија ги има во овој сегмент. Неизбежно е прашањето, каква е иднината на Хашката конференција за МПП наспроти оваа позиција на ЕУ во сегментот на МПП, можат ли двете заедно да коегзистираат и соработуваат или пак, меѓусебната интерференција во надлежностите го загрозува постоењето на Хашката конференција за МПП? Хашката конференција за меѓународно приватно право е поединечната најзначајна меѓународна оргнизација што се занимава со донесување на правила од областа на меѓународното приватно право со кои се олеснува секојдневниот живот на милиони луѓе, распространети на сите континенти. Посебна специфичност на оваа меѓународна организација во изминатите 120 години претставува тоа што со својата универзалност успеа да надмине две светски војни, да надмине многу политички, религиозни, општествени разлики и да ја разбуди свеста на многу држави дека регулирањето на судирот на јурисдикциите, судирот на законите, прекуграничната соработка претставуваат основ за создавање на еден „помал“ и посигурен свет. Во овие 120 години од нејзиното постоење, многу работи во меѓународното приватно право се промениле, многу точки на врзување добивале и губеле на значење, определени колизиони норми се издвоиле и станале посебни, сѐ повеќе добивала на значење прекуграничната соработка во судските спорови, се олеснила егзекватурата на странските судски одлуки. Во поголем број од овие промени, свое влијание директно или индиректно има Хашката конференција за МПП. Голем број држави, прифаќајќи ги идеите на Хашката конференција за МПП, инкорпорирајќи ги во своите национални закони за МПП јурисдикционите критериуми, точките на врзување и одредбите кои се предвидуваат во конвенциите, се под директно влијание на оваа меѓународна организација. Во последните години пак, сме сведоци на една нова насока што ја добива МПП, а тоа е комунитаризацијата на правилата со кои се регулираат проблематиките од областа на МПП помеѓу државите членки на ЕУ. Тоа неминовно го наметнува прашањето за односот помеѓу Хашката конференција за МПП и Европската Унија, меѓутоа не толку од аспект на правилата со кои се уредува МПП, туку од аспект на структуралната поставеност на ЕУ во рамките на Хашката конференција. Ова прашање е доста значајно ако се земе предвид тоа што Република Македонија има статус на држава кандидат за членство во ЕУ од 2005 година, а е членка на Хашката конференција за МПП од 1993 година.
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    THE NEW2019 HAGUE CONVENTION ON RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS– BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE EAST
    (Институт за правно-економски истражувања Јуридика Прима, 2019-05-09)
    The diplomatic session of the Hague Conference on Private International Law(Hague Conference) regarding the “Judgments Project” was be held from 18 June – 02 July 2019 in the Hague where the long awaited Hague Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments (new 2019 Hague Convention)wasadopted. This Convention comes as a result of 27 years of work that has been done in the course of this project of the Hague Conference and it can be said that is one of the most awaited developments in Private International Law. The success of the convention cannot be predicted at this point because large number of factors impact the outcome of the convention. However benefits from having an international agreement dealing with cross border recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is self-evident. More than ever there is a need of a single instrument that will contain unified conditions for recognition and enforcement and ease the cross border circulation of judgments. Only a brief look at the New York Convention on recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards (New York Convention) provides for glimpse of the benefits from having such instrument. This article will provide for overview of the main aspects of the Convention. It will give an outline of the structure, mechanism and the rules provided in the Convention. This convention in contrast of its predecessors provides for more “soft” approach in bridging the differences between the legal systems of the west and the east. However, new 2019 Hague Convention is very important, because the transnational cooperation influenced by the globalization and the interconnection of the economic systems, asks for faster responsiveness of the legal systems and predictability of the legal outcome manifested by the
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    SPECIALIZATION OF JURISDICTION BACK FROM OBLIVION – A NEW ATTENTIVE AND ASSIDOUS APPROACH TO COMPLEX CROSS BORDER FAMILY LAW CASES OR POSSIBLE REVITALIZATION OF ‘MUTUAL TRUST’
    (Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Law Osijek, 2021)
    Rakočević, Milka
    ;
    New trend emerges in the quest for establishing real actual trust between the main stakeholders in the complex cross border family law cases, which is providing for concentration of jurisdiction. The Hague Conference of Private International Law (HCCH) and the European Union (EU) are in forefront of establishing concentrating jurisdiction for those proceedings based on limitation of the number of courts in order to solve two problems: to enhance the predictability and the uniformity of the outcomes in these cases and to re-establish the mutual trust on realistic grounds instead of its current notion as a political decision. Such strategy is welcomed since it starts from the bottom and it tends to elevate the trust between the persons concerned in these proceedings and with that it stretches its prerogatives to the top, which is to enhance the trust between the legal systems. Whether it will succeed it depends again on the modalities of its establishment in the national legal systems. Generally, specialization of jurisdiction is frequently considered to be an important reform initiative in improving the development of a successful judicial system which is why it is recognized as a rapidly growing trend regarding the organization of the judiciary systems worldwide. The article will discuss the concepts of specialization of jurisdiction and its possible implementation in the national legal system of Republic of North Macedonia (N. Macedonia) regarding the complex cross border family law cases.
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    The indirect jurisdiction of the 2019 Hague Convention on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil or commercial matters – Is the “heart” of the Convention in the right place?
    (Centre for SEELS, 2021-09)
    The new 2019 Hague Convention on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil or commercial matters (2019 Hague Convention) represents one of the most awaited international agreements in the legal field of private international law. The final result is far from the initial idea of “dual convention” that will cover both recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and contain direct jurisdictional rules in civil or commercial matters. It has taken almost 30 years to reach the conclusion that full effectuation of this idea is unreachable in single instrument. However, fragmented parts of this idea have been instrumented in the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH) and materialized as 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements and the most recently with the 2019 Hague Convention. This newest addition to the HCCH discarded the idea regarding the direct jurisdictional rules and opted to implement the indirect jurisdictional rules. The system created by the 2019 Hague Convention is rather very simple: if the judgment regarding civil or commercial matters is rendered in a country which satisfies the indirect jurisdictional filters provided in Article 5 and if the grounds for refusal of recognition in Article 7 are not met, then the judgment can be recognized and enforced in a requested country. However, foreign judgments can be recognized and enforced under national law or other international convention, but with consideration to the exclusive bases given in Article 6. In such way, the indirect jurisdictional rules are the linking point between the country of origin and the country of recognition. This article will analyze the indirect jurisdictional rules in the 2019 Hague Convention and will provide for the compatibility of its effectuation in Republic of North Macedonia (N. Macedonia) in context of the new national Private International Law Act.
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    The Impact of The UN Convention on The Right of The Child on The Hague Convention on The Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
    (Нов български университет, 2019-12-10)
    The UN Convention on the rights of the Child (UNCRC) is an international legal instrument aimed in creating minimum standards for the most universal aspect in the human existence, which is producing safe environment for children to develop. This Convention was adopted in 1989 and now represents universal standard that determines the rights of children. On the other hand, Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Hague Child Abduction Convention) represents a legal instrument of the Hague Conference of Private International Law, created in 1980 aimed in deterring the abductor from unilaterally choosing the forum in which the case will be heard relating to parental responsibilities and mitigation of the harmful effects of the abduction which are reflected on children. Although these two instruments are almost a decade apart, the UNCRC has significant influence in the understanding and the implementation of the Hague Child Abduction Convention and represents a moral ground for most of the solutions provided in the Hague Child Abduction Convention such as: illicit transfer and non-return of children, right of the child to be heard, right of the child to have meaningful relationship with both parents and child’s best interest. This article will provide for overview of the Child Abduction regime and the particular influence that the UNCRC has on the Hague Child Abduction Convention with notion that without the UNCRC, the development of the Hague Abduction Regime would be left out without doctrinal and moral grounds.
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    „Ѕвездени мигови“ на правната глобализација – три историски минијатури
    (Le Mond Diplomatique (македонско издание), 2021-03)
    Овие три холандски минијатури оформени од тројца брилијантни холандски правници, ни исцртуваат само дел од контурите на денешниот глобален економски и правен поредок. Нормално светот е многу покомплексен, но тие не се без значење. Без двоумење овие три модалитети имаат важен удел во правната глобализација, односно прифаќањето на принципите и стандардите на овие правни инструмети создава основ и ја потикнува светската трговија.