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    Item type:Publication,
    Comparison of changes in the muscular power potential of elbow flexors after a six-week experimental procedure with two groups of subjects working according to the standard load method and the greatest muscle load method
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, Skopje, 2014)
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    Saiti, A
    The six-week programme for improvement of the elbow flexor muscles strength was carried out on 14 subjects, divided into two experimental groups (E1 and E2) in order to assess the potential maximal strength changes. The first group worked according to the standard method of muscle contraction – entire amplitude in the elbow. The second experimental group worked according to the method of reduced angle of muscle contractions within an amplitude of maximal extension and 30⁰ to flexion in conditions when the muscle shows greatest muscle load. Each of the subjects exercised 3 times a week, performing 3 series on the Scott bench with one-arm weight as external load and one to three repetitions in each series. The programme, according to which the trainings were carried out, was performed with individual approach. In each series, the weight with which each of subjects exercised, changed (increased) in reference with the number of repetitions in single series, but with no more than 3 repetitions. Individual changes in each of the groups were analysed, as well as the inter-group differences for all tests. Results have shown a statistically significant increase of the maximum strength of the elbow flexor muscles of 32,1% after 3 weeks of exercises and 46,8% after six weeks of exercises in E1, and 27.9% after the third, and 43.6% after the sixth week in E2 (tested with the 1RM test). The inter-group differences tested after the third, and after the sixth week, have shown no statistically significant differences, which means that although the subjects of both groups worked with different amplitudes of muscle contractions, they have still achieved statistically identical changes in the maximal strength component of the affected muscle groups. This individual approach method, as well as the reduced amplitudes of exercise of the maximal strength of the flexor muscles, enables a fast and efficient change of this capacity and may have an application in the field of sports, recreation or rehabilitation.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Relation between the standing vertical jump (Abalak test), standing long jump, and squat jump 2 legs 5 jumps (optojump) tests for assessment of the explosive strength of legs
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2016-06)
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    Klincarov, Ilija
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    Starc, Gregor
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    Sejkeroski, Mihailo
    The purpose of this study was to assess whether and if there is correlation between the applied tests for explosive strength of legs, so as to provide a recommendation when selecting tests for assessment of the explosive strength of legs. The subject of this research is the explosive strength of legs, tested at 36 examinees, male, age of 18-19 years. Three tests were executed: 1. standing vertical jump (SKOKVIS) – Abalak test , 2. standing long jump (SKOKDAL), 3. squat jump 2 legs 5 jumps – with optojump equipment. The examinees were divided into 3 groups. Each of the groups was randomly distributed in one of the 3 test places. Breaks of 5 minutes per examinee were given between tests. During testing, for the Abalak and standing long jump tests, the examinees have performed 2 attempts, and one attempt for squat jump 2 legs 5 jumps. The jump 2 legs 5 jumps test on optojump equipment was executed with hands on hips. Pearson’s analysis was performed on the results of Abalak, standing jump and heights of optojumpt tests, as well as a multiple regression during which, as predictor variables, the output data were taken of the tests with optojump, for 1-contact time with surface (T.Cont), 2-flight time (T.Flight) and 3-Power as a output from the jumps, and the criteria results of Abalak, standing jump and heights of optojump. The Pearson’s analysis has shown significant correlation between the results of the Abalaks, standing jump and heights of otpojump tests. Highest correlation (r=0.638, p=0.000) exists between the tests Abalak and standing long jump. Lowest, yet significant, correlation exists between Abalak and the height resulting from the optojump test r=0.466 (p=0.002). In the first multiple regression analysis where height is dependant variable, the entire system of predictor variables contributes to the analysis in a statistically significant manner (R=0.99, p=0.000). In case of a SKOKVIS dependant variable, the system of predictor variables, again, has statistically significant impact in the analysis (R=0,519, p=0.017). In this case, single contribution to significance is attributed to the variable T.Flight (p=0.017). In the third multiple regression for the dependent variable SKOKDAL, the analysis is statistically significant (p=0.007), and, once again, the main (single) variable for significance is T.Flight (p=0.03). Existence of correlation between the three included tests in this research has shown that, in method-related terms, tests are efficient when assessing the explosive strength of legs. Presumably, it can be recommended that those who shall apply the tests for explosive strength in legs shall have to choose the test they shall systematically apply, so as to show whether there are any changes of this ability following a treatment with exercises. One can conclude that, perhaps the time spent in the flight phase can in some way be used as a predictor on the reached height, during the testing of the standing vertical jump and the standing long jump.
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    Item type:Publication,
    SELF-ASSESSMENT AMONG SKI INSTRUCTORS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF BASIC ALPINE SKIING SKILLS
    (Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia, 2020)
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    Kiril, Naskov
    Ski instructors need to have adequate knowledge and skills in assessing sports techniques as a condition for successful intervention that will lead to improved performance. The purpose of this research was to assess how instructors with different levels of performance evaluate their skiing skills. A total of 58 Instructor candidates were rated with a score of 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest) by Examination Board in 7 elements of basic alpine skiing technique: Gliding straight (basic position), Wedge swinging, Wedge curves, Basic turn, Basic swinging, Wide corridor and Narrow corridor. After the practical exam, all candidates completed a self-assessment form on the same scale of 1 to 5 for each individual skiing element. The average practical grade of all seven skiing techniques, awarded by the Examination Board, was taken as a criterion for grouping. Three groups of high, intermediate and low skiing level were defined. The high performance group consisted of a total of 16 candidates with an average grade above 4. The mid-level group consisted of 26 candidates with an average grade between 3 and 4, while the low-performance group comprised 16 candidates with an average grade below 3. The results obtained from the Examination Board and the Self-Assessment were compared to determine the degree of coincidence expressed as a percentage difference between these two scores. From the results obtained, there is an evident difference in the objectivity of the self-assessment between groups. The high performance group showed the smallest percentage difference (9.79%) in the scores obtained by the Examination Board and the Selfassessment.The mid-level group showed a percentage difference between the two scores of 21.95% and the low-performance group of 54.04%. The high-performance group was recorded also by several individuals who underestimated their performances, which is not the case with the other two groups. There is a significant overrated self perception in the intermediate group and especially in the low skills group. The conclusion is that the higher level of performance increases the degree of objectivity of self-assessment. This rate of self-estimation and awareness of body position is probably due to the higher skiing experience of the candidates with the highest level of performance.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Endurance training control by monitoring heart rate
    (Macedonian School Sports Federation, 2008-06)
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    Kechovski Blagoja,
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    Jovanovski Ivan,
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    Item type:Publication,
    Anaerobic threshold – definition and how test
    (2017)
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    Tasevski, Zikica
    Heart rate monitoring have been interesting method for monitoring the training Intensity. In to the training, some new technology has been introduced as a tool, which include GPS signal reading of movement of the athletes especially in group games. That equipment can present intensity and involvement of the athlete’s body from the training or match. But, even those tools are using heart rate monitor as important supported toll as they can give more accurate checking of the training intensity and body involvement of the athletes. This text provides basic information of heart rate monitoring, as well as testing and analysis of the anaerobic threshold. Anaerobic threshold (AT) represent the value of heart rate, in which the athletes body switch from aerobic in to anaerobic consuming of energy. As a separate value on the training, AT can show how much the athletes passed in to anaerobic energy consumption process, or above AT. But if one knows the speed achieved on AT (AT speed), then easily can be used to compare endurance capacity of two or more athletes. In this text 3 examples for testing the AT are provided, as well.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Could you make a program for basic preparation for me?
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, Skopje, 2015-06)
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    Realization of the training process should be carefully pre-planned activity. Usually it is taken into consideration the ability of the athletes, that couch would like to modify. The whole idea of the training process should be written and clearly stated in the form of plan. In this way, it is easier to be understood of what, how much and how the couch and athlete work/train. Usually it is an annual plan and it last for one season. Therefore, within one season there are period of basic preparation, than competitive period, and at end is the rest period. When creating the basic preparations, one should take into consideration how much time its needed for realization of them, than when could be organized a friendly matches? When is the first official match? What is the age category of athletes? What is the previous experience of athletes (experienced / if they were in regular training process or not)? The rest is a creation of the author, who should have experience and knowledge of the methods for the transformation of motor skills and their implementation in the "match."
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    Item type:Publication,
    Promene maksimalne snage kod fleksora zgloba lakta posle šest nedeljnog vežbanja sa skraćenim amplitudama
    (Crnogorska sportska akademija, 2010-05)
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    17 participants were put under longitudinal program for 6 weeks, which program should influence the maximal power potential within the flexor muscle of the elbow. Test were given for one maximal repetition, anthropometrical measures as well as test for angular speed. The participant were under test before the beginning of the 6 weeks program (initial testing) and then after the ending of the program (final testing). During the six weeks program the participants had a task to do power exercises on the Scot’s bench, with the individual weight, in the range of semiflexion until maximal flexion of the elbow joint and vice versa (modified amplitude of the movements). The analyses and result from the statistical operation have shown positive changes at the participant’s maximal power (15,27%) also at the tested angular speed (96,72%). The rest of the tests have shown some objective changes which were not statistically significant. The analysis’s and conclusion are in favor of the program for transformation of motorics capabilities and they are directly focused of modification of power component.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Tendencies in the achieving of explosive strength in first-year students at the FPE for a period of 25 years
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2013)
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    In order to determine the tendencies in terms of FPE’s first year students’ achievements for the generations from 1988 to 2013, a research was carried out on the explosive strength tendencies assessed by using the standing long jump. For that purpose, the results from the student records for the anthropomotorics course were used. The total number of examinees covered with the analysis was 1459 students from the Faculty of Physical Education. The examinees were tested at the beginning of each student year (in first semester), for a 25 years period. The norm from the practical part of the exam in the anthropomotorics course (240 cm) was taken as critical measure in terms of students’ achievements. Basic statistical parameters and trend analysis were applied for data analysis. A negative (downward) trend of achievements of the examinees for a 25 years period was determined. It generally means that the examinees of the newer generations show smaller abilities regarding the leg explosive strength. Authors’ recommendation is to seek the possible causes in the specifics of each generation separately, as well as to select the candidates for enrolment in the studies at the Faculty of Physical Education in Skopje. Such tendency, of course, is partly a characteristic of the current potential of each generation, conditioned with genetic determination; whereas in the other part, it is possibly connected with the insufficient exploitation of the moving capacity for this basic movement form (training, sport, recreation and everyday movement activity).
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    Item type:Publication,
    Tendencies in the explosive strength of the legs within the first year students at the Faculty of Physical Education in the period from 1995 to 2006 year
    (Federation of the sports pedagogues of the Republic of Macedonia, 2006)
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    Regzepagikj A.
    This research was realized on sample of 1218 students (1016 male and 202 female) from 1995/96 until 2005/06 study year (longitudinal type). The analyzed result are regarding the “horizontal jump-test” within the full time students. The given results are showing that the biggest mean has the male group of students from year of 1999/2000 and the lowest results the group of students from the year 2004/2005. The biggest results of the mean with in the female students is from year 2004/2005 and lowest from year 1995/1996. The analyzes of the frequency, within in the group, for span between 240-320 centimeters, is showing that the most of the students doesn’t have problem to pass the initial check up, which is limited with more than 240 centimeters. The situation it’s same with the female students who also doesn’t have problem to pass the limit of 190 centimeters. From the summary analysis we can say that the trend progression between the average result with in the male and female students it is not in steady-state position. The question about the criteria for entry check-up, for faculty, should emerge from this research.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Differences in the estimation of the maximum oxygen consumption between 3 tests: Cooper test, The Multistage fitness test (shuttle run) and Polar fitness test (heart rate based)
    (Macedonian School Sports Federation, 2006-06-21)
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    Jovanovski Ivan,
    On a sample of 11 respondents, students of the Faculty of Physics and Culture, Skopje, first year, three field tests were applied to assess the maximum oxygen consumption (Cooper test, multistage fitness test (Shutlle run) and Polar fitness test (Own Index) in order to compare the values obtained from the three applied tests. Different average values were achieved for the students in the three tests. The results of the Cooper test showed the greatest homogeneity compared to the others. It is recommended that the same test should be applied to the same subjects in the control measurements as at the beginning, because the tests applied in the research have different moving energy-productive and mental requirements for the subjects.