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    Health benefits and risks of fermented foods-the PIMENTO initiative
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2024)
    Todorovic, Smilja
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    Akpinar, Asli
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    Assunção, Ricardo
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    Bär, Cornelia
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    Bavaro, Simona L
    Worldwide, fermented foods (FF) are recognized as healthy and safe. Despite the rapid increase of research papers, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the health benefits and risks of FF. The COST Action CA20128 "Promoting innovation of fermented foods" (PIMENTO) aims to provide a comprehensive assessment on the available evidence by compiling a set of 16 reviews. Seven reviews will cover clinical and biological endpoints associated with major health indicators across several organ systems, including the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, immune, and skeletal systems. Nine reviews will address broader biological questions associated with FF including bioactive compounds and vitamin production, nutrient bioavailability and bioaccessibility, the role of FF in healthy diets and personalized nutrition, food safety, regulatory practices, and finally, the health properties of novel and ethnic FF. For each outcome assessed in the reviews, an innovative approach will be adopted based on EFSA's published guidance for health claim submissions. In particular, each review will be composed of three parts: (1) a systematic review of available human studies; (2) a non-systematic review of the mechanism of action related to the clinical endpoints measured by the human studies identified in part 1; and (3) a non-systematic review of the characterization of the FF investigated in the human studies identified in part 1. The evidence and research gaps derived from the reviews will be summarized and published in the form of a strategic road map that will pave the way for future research on FF.
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    Influence of packaging materials on Kashkaval quality
    (2017-02)
    Talevski, Goce
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    Mateva, Natasha
    This study focused on investigating the influence of 4 different packaging materials (A - the control, B - polymer emulsion, C - wax and D - polymer foil) on the quality of Kashkaval cheese. The lowest pH value had the sample protected by wax, which is most probably related to the retention of the formed organic acids and gases from the packaging material. A significant influence of the tested packaging materials (p<0.01) was found in relation to the content of the dry matter, the proteins and ash, whereas there was no statistical significance in relation to fat content of the Kashkaval cheese. Proteolysis was more intensive samples protected by wax and polymer foil with higher levels of soluble nitrogen, primary and secondary nitrogen products and ripening coefficient compared to the control sample and the polymer emulsion sample.
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    THE EFFECT OF STARTER CULTURES ON WEIGHT LOSS IN DRY-CURED PORK LOIN PRODUCED WITH AND WITHOUT NITRITES
    (University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, 2023)
    Silovska Nikolova, Aleksandra
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    Todorovska, Nadica
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    Traditional production and main characteristics of Galichki kashkaval
    (2014)
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    In this study, principles of traditional production and main characteristics of the traditional sheep cheese Galichki kashkaval from Bistra Mountain are presented. The contents of main components during ripening and storage of cheese were monitored. Analyses were performed on 1st, 30th, 60th and 100th day of ripening and 180th and 360th day of storage. On the first day cheese samples contained 20.75 % fat, 11.88 % total proteins, 1.20 % salt and 3.54 % ash. After 100 days of ripening cheese samples contained 27.87 % fat, 23.05 % total proteins, 2.02 % salt and 4.85 % ash. The technology process of kashkaval production was described in details. This cheese was produced and prepared in specific geographical area and fulfills the requirements listed in the National Law on quality of agricultural products. The data from this research might be a good starting point in the process of achieving the protected geographical indication.
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    Valorization of whey for green synthesis of carbon dots and their potential applications
    (Emerald, 2025-02-05)
    Poonia, Amrita
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    Aguirre-Güitrón, Lizet
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    Iñiguez-Moreno, Maricarmen
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    <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>This paper aims to develop carbon dots using whey as a valuable resource and to create a sustainable and biocompatible nanomaterial with potential applications in a variety of fields owing to its unique optical properties and antimicrobial capabilities, which are frequently used as sensing agents for detecting specific molecules in food, environmental and biomedical applications. Versatility of carbon dots (CDs) allows the utilization of these dots for a wide range of applications in areas such as food safety, antibacterial properties, production of composite polymers for food packaging, treatment of different diseases and detection of food-borne pathogens. Owing to their high brightness, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility, CDs have attracted significant interest in food safety. This is also a cutting-edge technology that bids new ideas for treating various diseases.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title> <jats:p>Literature review related to using whey as the carbon source for synthesis of CDs was collected and studied from different sources like Google Scholar, Research Gate, online journals available at library of Banaras Hindu University, Web of Science and Scopus. A database of more than 100 scientific sources from different sources was made as per the headings and sub headings of the paper.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title> <jats:p>Whey generated as a by-product from the cheese industry contained a good amount of carbon and nitrogen that can be used for the fabrication of CDs. CDs produced using whey exhibited great photostability, high sensitivity and outstanding biocompatibility and also showed that Fe3+ ions could be quickly, sensitively and extremely selectively detected in an aqueous solution of CDs, with a revealing limit of 0.409 µM in the linear range of 0–180 µM. CDs are a promising area of study to a key component of next-generation multifunctional nanomaterials, promoting creativity, sustainability and useful solutions across a variety of industries, including health care and energy. The susceptibility of <jats:italic>S. typhimurium</jats:italic> (Gram-negative) was found to be higher than that of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes</jats:italic> (Gram-positive) bacteria with MIC and MBC of 500  and 1000 µL/mL, respectively.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title> <jats:p>Whey-derived CDs are an environmentally beneficial substitute for conventional additives and their biocompatibility guarantees that they adhere to food safety regulations. In light of the future, the green volarization of dairy waste for the synthesis of CDs is consistent with the increasing worldwide focus on environmental responsibility and sustainability.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
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    Influence of packaging materials on Kashkaval quality
    (mljekarstvo.2017.0103, 2017)
    Talevski Goce
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    This study focused on investigating the influence of 4 different packaging materials (A - the control, B - polymer emulsion, C - wax and D - polymer foil) on the quality of Kashkaval cheese. The lowest pH value had the sample protected by wax, which is most probably related to the retention of the formed organic acids and gases from the packaging material. A significant influence of the tested packaging materials (p<0.01) was found in relation to the content of the dry matter, the proteins and ash, whereas there was no statistical significance in relation to fat content of the Kashkaval cheese. Proteolysis was more intensive samples protected by wax and polymer foil with higher levels of soluble nitrogen, primary and secondary nitrogen products and ripening coefficient compared to the control sample and the polymer emulsion sample.
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    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHEEP MILK, WHEY AND TRADITIONAL KASHKAVAL FROM GALICHNIK AND LAZAROPOLE
    (2017-10-01)
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    Traditional cheeses are a reflection of the local rural environment, culture and nature expressed by experience of masters through many decades. In recent years, it is noticed increased consumption of traditional sheep dairy products, especially cheese produced by traditional technology. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of raw sheep's milk and whey during the production of traditional sheep cheese from two locations, Galichnik and Lazaropole. Samples were taken in four iterations. The physico-chemical composition on the 100th day of ripening of cheese is presented also. The mean fat content was 8.45± 1.157% in milk from Galichnik and 8.69±0.846% in milk from Lazaropole, while the protein was 6.34±0.837% and 6.15±0.242% respectively. Titratable acidity in Galichnik milk was 10.33°SH and the milk from Lazaropole has 10.50°SH. The Total bacteria count (TBC) and the Somatic cell count (SCC) in both locations showed wide range due to nonstandard sanitary procedures applied in primary production. The results of the chemical composition of whey showed that it has a variable composition, particular in the content of fat (Cv= 9.02% Galichnik and 21.98% Lazaropole) due to the traditional procedure for making cheese. The moisture content of the cheese on 100th day of ripening was 36.64% in cheese from Galichnik and 32.63% in Lazaropole cheese. The mean value for fat content was 27.88% and 30.00% for cheese from Galichnik and Lazaropole respectively. According to the classification of cheese in terms of moisture content on a fat-free basis, after 100 days of ripening, the kashkaval cheese from Galichnik had fallen in the group of hard cheeses, while the kashkaval cheese from Lazaropole belong to the group of extra-hard cheeses. Regarding the fat in dry matter, both cheese variants were on the border between medium fat and full fat cheeses.
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    Occupational health and safety in agriculture - a brief report on organization, legislation and support in selected European countries
    (Institute of Rural Health, 2021-09-16)
    Jakob, Martina Carola
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    Holte, Kari Anne
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    Sikkeland, Inger Johanne
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    Hilt, Björn
    Agriculture and forestry are among the most dangerous professions in Europe, with a high level of accidents affecting the sustainability and viability of the sector. International conventions, EU directives and national legislation build the fundamental basis for prevention. The aim of the study is to describe and categorize national mechanisms of occupational safety and health (OSH) for agricultural workers in Europe, to assess the extent of implementing safety regulation, the body in charge, and to give examples of health and safety initiatives.