EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ANTI-VEGF TREATMENT ON SUBRETINAL FLUID IN THE WET FORM OF MACULAR DEGENERATION
Journal
Македонски Медицински Преглед = Macedonian Medical Review
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Pandilov, Stefan
Velkovska, Bisera
Abstract
Introduction. AMD is a progressive disease that can
lead to changes and obstruction of the central vision.
The neurodegenerative process starts at the level of the
Burch membrane/choriocapillaris and a complex of photoreceptors/and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Agerelated macular degeneration (ARMD) in the United
States and industrialized countries is a major cause of
blindness in individuals aged 55 years and older. Degenerative changes affect the macula lutea (yellow dot)
in the center of the retina.
The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks AMD
among the leading ophthalmic causes of blindness globally, and the third most common cause of legal blindness
in 8.7% of the population in industrialized countries.
In 2020, the number of patients with ARMD increased
from 3 to 6 million, while by 2050, an increase of 17.8 million cases of senile macular degeneration is projected.
Wet-exudative AMD covers 10-15% of patients with
ARMD and is at high risk of severe impairment and/or
loss of visual function.
Neovascular ARMD is characterized by the appearance
of a choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and a
secondary finding of pigment epithelium detachment
(RPE rip), i.e., its tractional dehiscence or macular
disciform scar.
Common features of all exudative, wet forms of AMD
are:
1. Leakage of fluid and serum components as a result
of impaired blood-ocular barrier,
2. Intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF),
3. Lipid or (solid) exudates,
4. Subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM)
lead to changes and obstruction of the central vision.
The neurodegenerative process starts at the level of the
Burch membrane/choriocapillaris and a complex of photoreceptors/and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Agerelated macular degeneration (ARMD) in the United
States and industrialized countries is a major cause of
blindness in individuals aged 55 years and older. Degenerative changes affect the macula lutea (yellow dot)
in the center of the retina.
The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks AMD
among the leading ophthalmic causes of blindness globally, and the third most common cause of legal blindness
in 8.7% of the population in industrialized countries.
In 2020, the number of patients with ARMD increased
from 3 to 6 million, while by 2050, an increase of 17.8 million cases of senile macular degeneration is projected.
Wet-exudative AMD covers 10-15% of patients with
ARMD and is at high risk of severe impairment and/or
loss of visual function.
Neovascular ARMD is characterized by the appearance
of a choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and a
secondary finding of pigment epithelium detachment
(RPE rip), i.e., its tractional dehiscence or macular
disciform scar.
Common features of all exudative, wet forms of AMD
are:
1. Leakage of fluid and serum components as a result
of impaired blood-ocular barrier,
2. Intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF),
3. Lipid or (solid) exudates,
4. Subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM)
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