Развој на стандарден модел на сенка кај мрежа од фотоволтаични панели за оптимизација на нејзината геометрија за поефикасна искористеност на плац

Abstract

Research on photovoltaic technologies is continuously aimed at increasing the efficiency of solar cells, taking into account several aspects, such as materials and the production process. The starting criterion for the percentage of utilization of the conversion of solar energy into electricity in photovoltaic panels is that they are maximally exposed to solar radiation. This can be achieved by introducing tracking on a seasonal or daily basis, as well as by reducing the shadow effect that occurs as a result of the placement of photovoltaic panels, i.e., inter-shading. In this doctoral dissertation, research has been done on the possibilities for increasing the surface efficiency of a given plot, by introducing inter-shading and determining its impact on the total electricity produced. This research is done by developing a standard shadow model in a grid of nine photovoltaic panels as a basis for defining the effects of shading. Confirmation of the shadow model is made in the ARCHICAD software where the obtained types of shadows that can be obtained on the photovoltaic panels are visually displayed. The accuracy of the shadow model is also confirmed by comparison with published numerical and experimental results. The shadow model, including the solar position model and the solar radiation model, is implemented in analytical software that allows research on the value of output power and the value of electricity produced for different latitudes from the range of 0 to 65 degrees in North hemisphere. Analytical software enables optimization of the geometry of the photovoltaic grid using the following input parameters: geographical position; geometry of the panel expressed in its width and length; the geometry of the grid defined by the distances between the columns and rows and the angle of inclination of the panels; date and time. The results of the comparative analysis of the generated electricity show that although the average efficiency of the panels decreases, the value of the generated electricity increases as a result of the increased number of photovoltaic panels. With the introduction of approximations for the segmentation of photovoltaic panels, the research in this doctoral dissertation allows to set a standard model for increasing the efficiency of a given plot by determining smaller distances between rows and columns. From the obtained results, conclusions can be made, that can be used as recommendations for optimal placement of photovoltaic panels in 3x3 network to increase the utilization of the plot and expansion of the plot with a network of several columns and rows.