Влијание на стаклените фасади врз одредени параметри на одржливост на зградите

Abstract

The increasing trend of construction of architectural structures of modern, urban and complex shapes, the use of glass as a structural material as well as the increasing need for a greater transparency of building envelopes permanently impose the need for a more complex analysis of possibilities, advantages and conditions for application of structural glass in architecture. Despite the fact that there are numerous achievements related to glass facades and their effect upon sustainability of structures, there is still lack of studies that concretely explore, in a many-faceted manner, the effect of glass facades upon interior conditions in buildings, particularly in Macedonia. This research represents a continuation of the master thesis entitled “Glass as Structural Material and Its Application in High-Rise Construction” defended at the Civil Engineering Faculty in Skopje. This thesis was focused on exploration of glass as structural material, its chemical and physical properties, the production process and its application in high rise construction. At the same time, classification of different types of glass facades was made. Within the frames of the doctoral studies, this research is further developed into greater depth. The sustainability and methods of its evaluation, existing standards and regulations that are used in developed countries as well as modern approaches to achieving sustainability of structures are, first of all, explored. In this part, biophilic design and restorative environmental design are explored as a mode of building design leading to improvement of health and wellbeing of occupants. Also, energy-efficient design and construction, classification of energy-efficient buildings and existing regulations on energy-efficiency are explored. Further on, the interest in application of glass facades in buildings in our country, especially administrative buildings, as well as the perception of architects about how glass facades affect the inner conditions of buildings are explored. In this part of the research, using different methods, review of the existing conditions in our country is made. The effect of glass and glass facades upon interior conditions of buildings is further explored both theoretically and practically for the purpose of determining the way in which glass could improve the conditions within structures, namely reduce the energy consumption improving, at the same time, the environment and the health of the occupants. In this part, laboratory experiments on three models of glass facades are done in order to test air permeability, water tightness and resistance to wind load, according to the standards for testing glass facades. Furthermore, the horizontal stability of glass facades is being examined through laboratory experiment and software numerical simulation. At the end, application of these results, obtained from this research, is conducted through analysis of a real, already designed administrative building. The following analysis are done: designing and dimensioning of glass façade, calculation of thermal conductivity coefficient, analysis of day-light, air permeability, maximum storey displacement and economic analysis. The results obtained enrich the theory with new knowledge, which is the main purpose of the research and there also arises the possibility for their use in practice. The knowledge on the effects of glass facades upon structures of our country is greatly beneficial for the design engineers, the investors, the Macedonian Chamber of Licensed Architects and Engineers, the ministries as well as the companies dealing with production and construction. The results are available to the entire domestic professional and scientific public, involving acquired knowledge on relevant factors, potential limitations and conditions for application of structural glass that could be a precondition for involvement into holistic, interactive and multidisciplinary approach to design of facades made of structural glass that should join the interests of architects and engineers, chemical engineers and producers of glass and glass facades, investors and other stakeholders. Finally, through this doctoral dissertation, one can also conceive part of the basis for improvement of the European and national standards in the field of application of structural glass in construction.