Аксиолошката и праксеолошката димензија на политичкиот ислам и неговата (не) компатибилност со демократијата

Abstract

The following doctoral dissertation reflects the significance of an old-new dimension in political systems and the party spectrum in Muslim countries, labeled as political Islam, emphasizing its democratic capacity from axiological and praxeological discourse, as well as the correlation with contemporary models of democracy. Political Islam and Islamic parties denote an ideology that does not only treat Islam as a religion, but also as a political structure in which Sharia must be the basis for all social laws, and Muslims must return to the original teachings and original forms of Islam. Hence, the initial focus of this paper is to elaborate the meaning of political Islam in contemporary politics, science, its position on the theories of "the end of history" and the "clash of civilizations," and to offer an alternative to such observations, emphasizing the political culture in Muslim countries and Islam as a factor on the one hand, and the ideological composition of political Islam on the other, noting its democratic dimension. Using the methods of induction, deduction, description, compаration, historical analysis and synthesis, the author will offer a series of elaborations related to the correlation of political Islam with democracy, as well as models of democracy. Thus, the main goal will be to see the historical development of Islamic ideology, its primary value components, and its positioning toward contemporary political ideals, inherent in democracy, such as constitutionalism, justice, equality, human rights and the economic paradigm. Consequently, this dissertation will offer a theoretical and empirical presentation of modern Islamic parties, their genesis, social structure, typology, parliamentary experience and political preferences. Guiding the subject and basic research objectives, this paper will encompass the axiological component, expressed through the description of democracy and the democratic capacities contained in political Islam, such as the concepts of bargaining (shura), consensus, public good, political loyalty, the legitimacy of power, justification for political opposition and pluralism. But dissertation will also offer a view of the opponent elements of the democracial principles contained in the Islamic ideology and parties, their opus, domain and extension. On the other hand, this research is also determined to display the praxeological moments in the modeling of democracy, actually the attempt to establish it in Turkey, Iran, Tunisia, Algeria, Lebanon and Egypt, emphasizing the attitude of key Islamic parties in those countries, such as the AKP, Ennahda , the former Islamic Salvation Front, the Green Iranian Movement, Hezbollah and the Muslim Brotherhood. Paper perceives its role in the political system through the historical prism before and after the "Arab Spring", their influence in the articulation of political demands, adaptability and modeling of the systems themselves. Finally, paper pioneered the research, examining the correlation of political Islam and Islamic parties with contemporary models of democracy. Liberal democracy, consociational democracy and religious theodomocracy, or Shari'a democracy as a unique model, give an answer what is their integrity, compatibility and opposition with the Islamic political credo both of the axiological and praxeological level, cumulativly. The author's intention in this domain is to show that besides the issue of the compatibility of political Islam and democracy the research should receive a new direction. This perspective would be an answer to the question of which model of democracies, bearing in mind the axiological orientations and the praxeological action of political Islam, is the most suitable for application, adaptation and upgrading in the Muslim countries.