Muscle fatigue and muscle soreness: etiology, mechanisms and prevention
Date Issued
2021-05-15
Author(s)
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a temporary and transient muscle incapacity to develop muscle
power, and inability of muscle to perform work or maintain a certain level of physical activity.
Several mechanisms are proposed as physiological base of the muscle fatigue: structural and
functional changes that occurred in the sarcomera, reduced sarcoplasmic pH value, inhibition of
the cross bridges cycle, blocking the process of excitation and contraction coupling, and
depletion of energy reserves. Common consecutive process of muscle fatigue is muscle soreness.
This phenomenon can lead to a disturbance of the integrity of muscle cells or temporary
disruption of muscle function. Acute muscle soreness causes insignificant inconvenience in the
athlete because it is short-term and quickly retreat. The delayed onset of muscle soreness
(DOMS) often affect sport’s performance by limiting the range of motion, decreasing the muscle
force and alternating the movement pattern. Recommendations for the prevention of muscle
soreness include stretching exercises, gradually increasing of the training intensity and
consumption of anti-inflammatory supplements. The scientific and empiric knowledge of the
etiology and mechanisms of muscle fatigue and muscle soreness will allow better understanding
how to alleviate and attenuate these adverse phenomena in athletes.
power, and inability of muscle to perform work or maintain a certain level of physical activity.
Several mechanisms are proposed as physiological base of the muscle fatigue: structural and
functional changes that occurred in the sarcomera, reduced sarcoplasmic pH value, inhibition of
the cross bridges cycle, blocking the process of excitation and contraction coupling, and
depletion of energy reserves. Common consecutive process of muscle fatigue is muscle soreness.
This phenomenon can lead to a disturbance of the integrity of muscle cells or temporary
disruption of muscle function. Acute muscle soreness causes insignificant inconvenience in the
athlete because it is short-term and quickly retreat. The delayed onset of muscle soreness
(DOMS) often affect sport’s performance by limiting the range of motion, decreasing the muscle
force and alternating the movement pattern. Recommendations for the prevention of muscle
soreness include stretching exercises, gradually increasing of the training intensity and
consumption of anti-inflammatory supplements. The scientific and empiric knowledge of the
etiology and mechanisms of muscle fatigue and muscle soreness will allow better understanding
how to alleviate and attenuate these adverse phenomena in athletes.
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