Determination of Synthetic Colors in Selected Market Foods in Macedonia By Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography With UVVisible Diode-Array Detection
Date Issued
2019-10-27
Author(s)
Velimir Stojkovski
Stefan Jovanov
Risto Uzunov
Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu
Dean Jankuloski
Abstract
Food colors are commonly used in processed foodstuffs to improve their appearance and they
have always had an important impact on people's minds as far as food is concerned. The
Macedonian Food and Veterinary Agency imposed limits of concentration for food colors in
different foods in Macedonia (Act on Additives Used in Food Production, 114/2013). The
subject of analyses was determination of synthetic colors concentration in fifty samples of four
different foods in Macedonian market: carbonated drinks, hard candy, yogurt and ham. The
determination was performed of eight synthetic food colors: Tartazine (E102), Carminic acid
(E120), Ponceau 4R (E124), Sunset yellow (E110), Allura red (E129), Carmoisine (E122),
Curcumnie (E100) and Quinoline yellow (E104). Samples were analyzed by Reversed-phase
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-visible diode-array (DAD) detector
(Agilent 1260 Series, USA). Chromatographic conditions: mobile phase (composition and
flow-rate) were evaluated and optimized in EC-C18 3 x 150 mm, 2,7 mmcolumn (Agilent,
USA). Two different mobile phase systems with gradient elution method were employed to
accomplish a quick separation of the analyzed dyes. Mobile phase A consisted of phosphatic
buffer c(Na2HPO4) = 0,01 mol/L, pH = 7and mobile phase B consisted of methanol for HPLC.
A constant flow rate of 0.6 mL/min was used, while the run time was 30 min.Limit of detection
(LOD) for all matrix was 0,1 mg/l, limit of quantification (LOQ) 1 mg/L and accuracy and
precision was between 94,2 and 109,3%. The results of all the analyzed samples were found
below the Macedonian legislation limits for color additives in food. We can conclude that the
HPLC-DAD is a suitable method for quantitative analyses or screening of food samples for
synthetic food colors.
have always had an important impact on people's minds as far as food is concerned. The
Macedonian Food and Veterinary Agency imposed limits of concentration for food colors in
different foods in Macedonia (Act on Additives Used in Food Production, 114/2013). The
subject of analyses was determination of synthetic colors concentration in fifty samples of four
different foods in Macedonian market: carbonated drinks, hard candy, yogurt and ham. The
determination was performed of eight synthetic food colors: Tartazine (E102), Carminic acid
(E120), Ponceau 4R (E124), Sunset yellow (E110), Allura red (E129), Carmoisine (E122),
Curcumnie (E100) and Quinoline yellow (E104). Samples were analyzed by Reversed-phase
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-visible diode-array (DAD) detector
(Agilent 1260 Series, USA). Chromatographic conditions: mobile phase (composition and
flow-rate) were evaluated and optimized in EC-C18 3 x 150 mm, 2,7 mmcolumn (Agilent,
USA). Two different mobile phase systems with gradient elution method were employed to
accomplish a quick separation of the analyzed dyes. Mobile phase A consisted of phosphatic
buffer c(Na2HPO4) = 0,01 mol/L, pH = 7and mobile phase B consisted of methanol for HPLC.
A constant flow rate of 0.6 mL/min was used, while the run time was 30 min.Limit of detection
(LOD) for all matrix was 0,1 mg/l, limit of quantification (LOQ) 1 mg/L and accuracy and
precision was between 94,2 and 109,3%. The results of all the analyzed samples were found
below the Macedonian legislation limits for color additives in food. We can conclude that the
HPLC-DAD is a suitable method for quantitative analyses or screening of food samples for
synthetic food colors.
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