CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL AVIAN AVULAVIRUS 1 OF CLASS I ISOLATED FROM A MUTE SWAN (CYGNUS OLOR) IN MACEDONIA IN 2012
Journal
Macedonian Veterinary Review
Date Issued
2019-04-20
Author(s)
Aleksandar Dodovski
Zagorka Popova
Vladimir Savić
DOI
10.2478/macvetrev-2019-0015
Abstract
Avian avulavirus type 1 (AAvV-1) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus. Even though belonging
to a single serotype, there is great genetic variability between these viruses. On the basis of the available complete fusion
(F) gene and whole genome sequences and using the genotype classification system, AAvV-1 viruses are divided in two
major groups: class I and class II. Class I viruses are predominantly avirulent viruses and majority of the isolations come
from waterfowl and domestic poultry from live bird markets in USA and China although isolations from wild birds are
reported globally. In our study we used classical, molecular and phylogenetic tools to characterize an AAvV-1 isolated
from a mute swan in Macedonia. Based on the complete F gene sequence, we have concluded that the virus designated as
AAvV-1/mute swan/Macedonia/546/2012 (KP123431) belongs to the class I of AAvV-1 with an avirulent cleavage site motif
112ERQER*L117. The virus could not be assigned to any of the four currently existing subgenotypes (1a, 1b, 1c or 1d) of the
single genotype 1 of class I viruses. Two distant viruses, isolated from goose in Alaska in 1991 and from goose in Ohio in
1987, shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity of the complete F gene with the isolate in our study: 92.7% and 92.8%,
respectively. This is the first report of isolation of class I AAvV-1 in Southeastern Europe. The asymptomatic nature and the
underreporting of sequences from the class I viruses impede the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution
of this group of viruses.
to a single serotype, there is great genetic variability between these viruses. On the basis of the available complete fusion
(F) gene and whole genome sequences and using the genotype classification system, AAvV-1 viruses are divided in two
major groups: class I and class II. Class I viruses are predominantly avirulent viruses and majority of the isolations come
from waterfowl and domestic poultry from live bird markets in USA and China although isolations from wild birds are
reported globally. In our study we used classical, molecular and phylogenetic tools to characterize an AAvV-1 isolated
from a mute swan in Macedonia. Based on the complete F gene sequence, we have concluded that the virus designated as
AAvV-1/mute swan/Macedonia/546/2012 (KP123431) belongs to the class I of AAvV-1 with an avirulent cleavage site motif
112ERQER*L117. The virus could not be assigned to any of the four currently existing subgenotypes (1a, 1b, 1c or 1d) of the
single genotype 1 of class I viruses. Two distant viruses, isolated from goose in Alaska in 1991 and from goose in Ohio in
1987, shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity of the complete F gene with the isolate in our study: 92.7% and 92.8%,
respectively. This is the first report of isolation of class I AAvV-1 in Southeastern Europe. The asymptomatic nature and the
underreporting of sequences from the class I viruses impede the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution
of this group of viruses.
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