ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY AND RISK FACTORS
Date Issued
2025-09
Author(s)
Aleksandar Nakov
Bekim Dika
Iskra Martinovska
Petko Isjanovski
Arben Shurlani
Abstract
Introduction: During pregnancy, there is a “dilution” of hemoglobin concentration
due to the increase in plasma volume. Iron and folic acid are necessary for the
development of the fetus and are transported to it, so the mother can develop
anemia due to their deficiency. Anemia affects 36% of pregnant women worldwide.
Of those affected, about 40% are due to iron deficiency. Iron is an essential
micronutrient involved in vital processes such as erythropoiesis, immune responses,
and during pregnancy in the development of the placenta and fetus. The aim of our
research was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy as well as the
influence of certain risk factors: age, body mass index - BMI, parity and history of
taking iron supplements.
Material and methods: A blood count was performed in 100 patients in the third
trimester of pregnancy in order to determine the hemoglobin concentration. The
patients' body weight and height (to determine BMI) were measured and data were
collected about age, number of previous births, and whether they were taking iron
supplements.
Results: Anemia (hemoglobin level below 110g/L) was present in 42.1% of pregnant
women. Anemia was significantly common in women with ≥3 births and in those not
taking iron supplements. Statistically insignificant anemia was more common in
women under 25 years of age and in those with a BMI below 20.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed the importance of regular controls of
hemoglobin levels as well as the significance of iron supplementation during
pregnancy, when the needs for this element are significantly higher.
due to the increase in plasma volume. Iron and folic acid are necessary for the
development of the fetus and are transported to it, so the mother can develop
anemia due to their deficiency. Anemia affects 36% of pregnant women worldwide.
Of those affected, about 40% are due to iron deficiency. Iron is an essential
micronutrient involved in vital processes such as erythropoiesis, immune responses,
and during pregnancy in the development of the placenta and fetus. The aim of our
research was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy as well as the
influence of certain risk factors: age, body mass index - BMI, parity and history of
taking iron supplements.
Material and methods: A blood count was performed in 100 patients in the third
trimester of pregnancy in order to determine the hemoglobin concentration. The
patients' body weight and height (to determine BMI) were measured and data were
collected about age, number of previous births, and whether they were taking iron
supplements.
Results: Anemia (hemoglobin level below 110g/L) was present in 42.1% of pregnant
women. Anemia was significantly common in women with ≥3 births and in those not
taking iron supplements. Statistically insignificant anemia was more common in
women under 25 years of age and in those with a BMI below 20.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed the importance of regular controls of
hemoglobin levels as well as the significance of iron supplementation during
pregnancy, when the needs for this element are significantly higher.
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