Ixodid ticks and zoonotic tick-borne pathogens of the Western Balkans

Journal
Parasites & vectors
Date Issued
2024-01-31
Author(s)
Kapo, Naida
Zuber Bogdanović, Ivana
Gagović, Ema
Žekić, Marina
Veinović, Gorana
Sukara, Ratko
Mihaljica, Darko
Adžić, Bojan
Kadriaj, Përparim
Potkonjak, Aleksandar
Velo, Enkelejda
Savić, Sara
Tomanović, Snežana
Omeragić, Jasmin
Beck, Relja
Hodžić, Adnan
DOI
10.1186/s13071-023-06116-1
Abstract
Ixodid ticks are distributed across all countries of the Western Balkans, with a high diversity of species. Many of these species serve as vectors of pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. Given the scattered data from Western Balkan countries, we have conducted a comprehensive review of available literature, including some historical data, with the aim to compile information about all recorded tick species and associated zoonotic pathogens in this region. Based on the collected data, the tick fauna of the Western Balkans encompasses 32 tick species belonging to five genera: Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma. A range of pathogens responsible for human diseases has also been documented, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. In this review, we emphasize the necessity for integrated surveillance and reporting, urging authorities to foster research by providing financial support. Additionally, international and interdisciplinary collaborations should be encouraged that include the exchange of expertise, experiences and resources. The present collaborative effort can effectively address gaps in our knowledge of ticks and tick-borne diseases.
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