Translation of questions: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) experience

Ellwood, P; Williams, H; Aït-Khaled, N; Björkstén, B; Robertson, C; ISAAC Phase III Study Group (HR Anderson, MI Asher, R Beasley, B Brunekreef, J Crane, C Flohr, S Foliaki, F Forastiere, L Garcia-Marcos, U Keil, CKW Lai, J Mallol, EA Mitchell, S Montefort, J Odhiambo, N Pearce, AW Stewart, D Strachan, E von Mutius, SK Weiland, G Weinmayr, G Wong, TO Clayton, AW Stewart, A Priftanji, B Benhabyles, CE Baena-Cagnani, GE Zabert, CD Crisci, M Gуmez, G Haidinger, ME Howitt, J Weyler, R Pinto-Vargas, JM Motta, PAM Camargos, WG Borges, A Silva, N Rosario, L de Freitas Souza, CdSD Bernhardt, FJ Passos, MdS Cardoso, AJLA Cunha, AC Porto Neto, GB Fischer, M de Britto, D Sole, N Wandalsen, AC Pastorino, T Popov, C Kuaban, D Rennie, A Ferguson, P Standring, R Goulding, LAV Benavides, A Contreras, L Amarales, P Aguilar, MA Calvo, YZ Chen, N-S Zhong, O Kunii, Q Li Pan, AM Cepeda, G Aristizabal, GA Ordoсez, J M’Boussa, R Daniel, ME Soto-Quirуs, BN Koffi, KL Tomulic, P Varona Perez, C Bustos, S Barba, ML Naguib, M Figuero Colorado, M-A Riikjarv, K Melaku, R Sa’aga-Banuve, J Pekkanen, E Vlaski, IE Hypolite, M Gotua, U Keil, J Tsanakas, A Bueso-Engelhardt, G Wong, YL Lau, G Zsigmond, Z Novak, S Rego, M Sabir, VA Khatav, L Kumar, G Setty, PS Babu, V Singh, KC Jain, TU Sukumaran, S Awasthi, J Chhatwal, MK Joshi, AV Pherwani, SN Mantri, S Salvi, SK Sharma, NM Hanumante, S Bhave, P Konthen, CB Kartasasmita, W Suprihati, M-R Masjedi, A Steriu, L Armenio, V Dell’Orco, E Bonci, C Galassi, MG Petronio, E Chellini, G Giannella, L Bisanti, S La Grutta, F Forastiere, P Sestini, G Ciccone, S Piffer, H Odajima, M Sohei, F Abu-Ekteish, FO Esamai, L Ng’ang’a, S Foliaki, JA al-Momen, C Imanalieva, S Sulaimanov, V Svabe, J Kudzyte, J Bojarskas, KH The, J de Bruyne, BS Quah, S Montefort, BE Del-Rio-Navarro, M Barragan-Meijueiro, N Ramirez-Chanona, R Garcia-Almaraz, I Romieu, M Baeza-Bacab, JV Merida-Palacio, SN Gonzalez-Diaz, FJ Linares-Zapien, S Romero-Tapia, Z Bouayad, R Engels, C Moyes, P Pattemore, R MacKay, N Pearce, JF Sanchez, BO Onadeko, M Magatogia, I Annesi-Maesano, MO Yusuf, N Mahmood, S Mortaja, N El Sharif, G Cukier, JA Guggiari-Chase, P Chiarella, F Cua-Lim, G Lis, A Breborowicz, I Annesi-Maesano, ML Chiera, R Camara, JE Rosado Pinto, C Nunes, JM Lopes dos Santos, L Clancy, OY Sow, J-M Kayembe, I Annesi-Maesano, D Deleanu, EG Kondiourina, P Fuimaono, Z Zivkovic, S Zivanovic, M Hadnadjev, O Adzovic, E Panic, DYT Goh, HJ Zar, K Voyi, H-B Lee, A Lуpez-Silvarrey Varela, JB Garrido, I Carvajal-Urueсa, RM Busquets, CG Diaz, L Garcia-Marcos, A Arnedo-Pena, G Garcia-Hernandez, F Guillen-Grima, EG Perez-Yarza, MM Morales Suerez-Varela, A Blanco Quirуs, KD Gunasekera, OAA Muza, O Al-Rawas, H Vogt, K Tabbah, Y Mohammad, S Mohammad, J-L Huang, C-C Kao, P Vichyanond, T Prasarnphanich, M Trakultivakorn, R Nettagul, J Teeratakulpisarn, A Kongpanichkul, O Tidjani, T Iosefa, MA Monteil, F Khaldi, M Jerray, V Ognev, JB Austin, MH Shamssain, D Strachan, M Burr, D Holgado, MC Lapides, K Yeatts, HH Windom, GJ Redding, O Aldrey, B Vaen Cam, M Sears, reposiV Aguirre, V Ahel, C Gratziou, CKW Lai, J Shah, K Baratawidjaja, S Nishima, T Fakakovi, R Otten, S Barny, R Chansin, P Manning, E Bahati, RM Khaitov, N Tuuau-Potai, B-W Lee, A El Sony, L Nilsson); E Vlaski

Translation of questions: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) experience

Journal

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Date Issued

2009-09

Author(s)

Ellwood, P

Williams, H

Aït-Khaled, N

Björkstén, B

Robertson, C

ISAAC Phase III Study Group (HR Anderson, MI Asher, R Beasley, B Brunekreef, J Crane, C Flohr, S Foliaki, F Forastiere, L Garcia-Marcos, U Keil, CKW Lai, J Mallol, EA Mitchell, S Montefort, J Odhiambo, N Pearce, AW Stewart, D Strachan, E von Mutius, SK Weiland, G Weinmayr, G Wong, TO Clayton, AW Stewart, A Priftanji, B Benhabyles, CE Baena-Cagnani, GE Zabert, CD Crisci, M Gуmez, G Haidinger, ME Howitt, J Weyler, R Pinto-Vargas, JM Motta, PAM Camargos, WG Borges, A Silva, N Rosario, L de Freitas Souza, CdSD Bernhardt, FJ Passos, MdS Cardoso, AJLA Cunha, AC Porto Neto, GB Fischer, M de Britto, D Sole, N Wandalsen, AC Pastorino, T Popov, C Kuaban, D Rennie, A Ferguson, P Standring, R Goulding, LAV Benavides, A Contreras, L Amarales, P Aguilar, MA Calvo, YZ Chen, N-S Zhong, O Kunii, Q Li Pan, AM Cepeda, G Aristizabal, GA Ordoсez, J M’Boussa, R Daniel, ME Soto-Quirуs, BN Koffi, KL Tomulic, P Varona Perez, C Bustos, S Barba, ML Naguib, M Figuero Colorado, M-A Riikjarv, K Melaku, R Sa’aga-Banuve, J Pekkanen, E Vlaski, IE Hypolite, M Gotua, U Keil, J Tsanakas, A Bueso-Engelhardt, G Wong, YL Lau, G Zsigmond, Z Novak, S Rego, M Sabir, VA Khatav, L Kumar, G Setty, PS Babu, V Singh, KC Jain, TU Sukumaran, S Awasthi, J Chhatwal, MK Joshi, AV Pherwani, SN Mantri, S Salvi, SK Sharma, NM Hanumante, S Bhave, P Konthen, CB Kartasasmita, W Suprihati, M-R Masjedi, A Steriu, L Armenio, V Dell’Orco, E Bonci, C Galassi, MG Petronio, E Chellini, G Giannella, L Bisanti, S La Grutta, F Forastiere, P Sestini, G Ciccone, S Piffer, H Odajima, M Sohei, F Abu-Ekteish, FO Esamai, L Ng’ang’a, S Foliaki, JA al-Momen, C Imanalieva, S Sulaimanov, V Svabe, J Kudzyte, J Bojarskas, KH The, J de Bruyne, BS Quah, S Montefort, BE Del-Rio-Navarro, M Barragan-Meijueiro, N Ramirez-Chanona, R Garcia-Almaraz, I Romieu, M Baeza-Bacab, JV Merida-Palacio, SN Gonzalez-Diaz, FJ Linares-Zapien, S Romero-Tapia, Z Bouayad, R Engels, C Moyes, P Pattemore, R MacKay, N Pearce, JF Sanchez, BO Onadeko, M Magatogia, I Annesi-Maesano, MO Yusuf, N Mahmood, S Mortaja, N El Sharif, G Cukier, JA Guggiari-Chase, P Chiarella, F Cua-Lim, G Lis, A Breborowicz, I Annesi-Maesano, ML Chiera, R Camara, JE Rosado Pinto, C Nunes, JM Lopes dos Santos, L Clancy, OY Sow, J-M Kayembe, I Annesi-Maesano, D Deleanu, EG Kondiourina, P Fuimaono, Z Zivkovic, S Zivanovic, M Hadnadjev, O Adzovic, E Panic, DYT Goh, HJ Zar, K Voyi, H-B Lee, A Lуpez-Silvarrey Varela, JB Garrido, I Carvajal-Urueсa, RM Busquets, CG Diaz, L Garcia-Marcos, A Arnedo-Pena, G Garcia-Hernandez, F Guillen-Grima, EG Perez-Yarza, MM Morales Suerez-Varela, A Blanco Quirуs, KD Gunasekera, OAA Muza, O Al-Rawas, H Vogt, K Tabbah, Y Mohammad, S Mohammad, J-L Huang, C-C Kao, P Vichyanond, T Prasarnphanich, M Trakultivakorn, R Nettagul, J Teeratakulpisarn, A Kongpanichkul, O Tidjani, T Iosefa, MA Monteil, F Khaldi, M Jerray, V Ognev, JB Austin, MH Shamssain, D Strachan, M Burr, D Holgado, MC Lapides, K Yeatts, HH Windom, GJ Redding, O Aldrey, B Vaen Cam, M Sears, reposiV Aguirre, V Ahel, C Gratziou, CKW Lai, J Shah, K Baratawidjaja, S Nishima, T Fakakovi, R Otten, S Barny, R Chansin, P Manning, E Bahati, RM Khaitov, N Tuuau-Potai, B-W Lee, A El Sony, L Nilsson)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To explore the consequences of translating the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) English core questionnaires on asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms into other languages. DESIGN: ISAAC Phase III developed 49 language translations
for adolescents and 42 for children following standardised guidelines, which included back-translating the questionnaires into English to check their accuracy and meaning. Language deviations were categorised and analysed with regard to infl uences on the reported symptom
prevalence. RESULTS: Category 1 deviations for one or more questions were found in seven translations (14%) for adolescents and in three translations (7%) for children. Data for these questions were excluded from the worldwide analyses. Category 2 deviations were identifi ed in the publications, and Category 3 deviations were ignored. CONCLUSIONS: Translations of questionnaires should follow a consistent protocol in global epidemiological research. Cultural norms need to be considered when evaluating back-translations into English, as disease labels
are not available in every language, nor are they understood in the same way. Deviations from literal translations of English should be permitted if the intent of the original meaning is retained. A web-based tool of medical terminology would be useful for international research
requiring the use of translations.

Subjects

ISAAC

children

translation

epidemiology

asthma

rhinitis

eczema

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