Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker
Journal
Forests
Date Issued
2020-07-01
Author(s)
Drenkhan, Rein, Beccy Ganley, Jorge Martín-García, Petr Vahalík, Kalev Adamson, Katarína Adamčíková, Rodrigo Ahumada, Lior Blank, Helena Bragança, Paolo Capretti, Michelle Cleary, Carolina Cornejo, Kateryna Davydenko, Julio J. Diez, Hatice T.D. Lehtijärvi, Miloň Dvořák, Rasmus Enderle, Gerda Fourie, Margarita Georgieva, Luisa Ghelardini, Jarkko Hantula, Renaud Ioos, Eugenia Iturritxa, Loukas Kanetis, Natalia N. Karpun, András Koltay, Elena Landeras, Svetlana Markovskaja, Nebai Mesanza, Ivan Milenković, Dmitry L. Musolin, Konstantinos Nikolaou, Justyna A. Nowakowska, Nikica Ogris, Funda Oskay, Tomasz Oszako, Irena Papazova-Anakieva, Marius Paraschiv, Matias Pasquali, Francesco Pecori, Trond Rafoss, Kristina Raitelaitytė, Rosa Raposo, Cecile Robin, Carlos A. Rodas, Alberto Santini, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Alejandro Solla, Mirkka Soukainen, Nikoleta Soulioti, Emma T. Steenkamp, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, Aleksandar Vemić, Anna M. Vettraino, Michael J. Wingfield, Stephen Woodward, Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros, and Martin S. Mullett.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/f11070724
Abstract
Abstract: Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the
most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing
regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging
seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is
poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The
aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on
Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative,
based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population
structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published
models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and
generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41
countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database (http://bit.do/phytoportal). A
review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers
occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations
and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus
species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility
to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics.
Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different
hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings
reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen
most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing
regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging
seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is
poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The
aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on
Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative,
based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population
structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published
models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and
generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41
countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database (http://bit.do/phytoportal). A
review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers
occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations
and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus
species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility
to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics.
Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different
hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings
reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen
Subjects
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