Vector-borne and zoonotic infections and their relationships with regional and socioeconomic statuses: An ID-IRI survey in 24 countries of Europe, Africa and Asia
Journal
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Saydam, Fatma Nurhayat
Erdem, Hakan
Ankarali, Handan
El-Arab Ramadan, Manar Ezz
El-Sayed, Nagwa Mostafa
Civljak, Rok
Pshenichnaya, Natalia
Moroti, Ruxandra Valentina
Mahmuodabad, Fatemeh Moradi
Maduka, Agah Victor
Mahboob, Amjad
Prakash Kumari, Pilli Hema
Stebel, Roman
Cernat, Roxana
Fasanekova, Lenka
Uysal, Serhat
Tasbakan, Meltem
Arapović, Jurica
Magdalena, Dumitru Irina
Angamuthu, Kumar
Ghanem-Zoubi, Nesrin
Meric-Koc, Meliha
Ruch, Yvon
Marino, Andrea
Sadykova, Ainur
Batirel, Ayse
Khan, Ejaz Ahmed
Kulzhanova, Sholpan
Al-Moghazi, Samir
Yegemberdiyeva, Ravilya
Nicastri, Emanuele
Pandak, Nenad
Akhtar, Nasim
Ozer-Balin, Safak
Cascio, Antonio
Evren, Hakan
Puca, Edmond
Tokayeva, Alma
Vecchi, Marta
Bozkurt, Ilkay
Dogan, Mustafa
Dirani, Natalia
Duisenova, Amangul
Khan, Mumtaz Ali
Kotsev, Stanislav
Obradovic, Zarema
Del Vecchio, Rosa Fontana
Almajid, Fahad
Barac, Aleksandra
Dragovac, Gorana
Pishmisheva-Peleva, Maria
Rahman, Md Tanvir
Rahman, Taufiquer
Le Marechal, Marion
Cag, Yasemin
Ikram, Aamer
Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J
DOI
10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102174
Abstract
Background
In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats.
Method
VBZIs’ data between May 20–28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income.
Results
382 patients were included. 175(45.8%) were hospitalized, most commonly in Croatia, Egypt, and Romania(P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between distributions of VBZIs according to geographical regions(P < 0.001). Amebiasis, Ancylostomiasis, Blastocystosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, Toxoplasmosis were significantly more common in the Middle-East while Bartonellosis, Borreliosis, Cat Scratch Disease, Hantavirus syndrome, Rickettsiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis in Central/East/South-East Europe; Brucellosis and Echinococcosis in Central/West Asia; Campylobacteriosis, Chikungunya, Tick-borne encephalitis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis in the North-Mediterranean; CCHF, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Malaria, Taeniasis, Salmonellosis in Indian Subcontinent; Lassa Fever in West Africa. There were significant regional differences for viral hemorrhagic fevers(P < 0.001) and tick-borne infections(P < 0.001), and according to economic status for VBZIs(P < 0.001). The prevalences of VBZIs were significantly higher in lower-middle income countries(P = 0.001). The most similar regions were the Indian Subcontinent and the Middle-East, the Indian Subcontinent and the North-Mediterranean, and the Middle-East and North-Mediterranean regions.
Conclusions
Regional and socioeconomic heterogeneity still exists for VBZIs. Control and eradication of VBZIs require evidence-based surveillance data, and multidisciplinary efforts.
In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats.
Method
VBZIs’ data between May 20–28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income.
Results
382 patients were included. 175(45.8%) were hospitalized, most commonly in Croatia, Egypt, and Romania(P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between distributions of VBZIs according to geographical regions(P < 0.001). Amebiasis, Ancylostomiasis, Blastocystosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, Toxoplasmosis were significantly more common in the Middle-East while Bartonellosis, Borreliosis, Cat Scratch Disease, Hantavirus syndrome, Rickettsiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis in Central/East/South-East Europe; Brucellosis and Echinococcosis in Central/West Asia; Campylobacteriosis, Chikungunya, Tick-borne encephalitis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis in the North-Mediterranean; CCHF, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Malaria, Taeniasis, Salmonellosis in Indian Subcontinent; Lassa Fever in West Africa. There were significant regional differences for viral hemorrhagic fevers(P < 0.001) and tick-borne infections(P < 0.001), and according to economic status for VBZIs(P < 0.001). The prevalences of VBZIs were significantly higher in lower-middle income countries(P = 0.001). The most similar regions were the Indian Subcontinent and the Middle-East, the Indian Subcontinent and the North-Mediterranean, and the Middle-East and North-Mediterranean regions.
Conclusions
Regional and socioeconomic heterogeneity still exists for VBZIs. Control and eradication of VBZIs require evidence-based surveillance data, and multidisciplinary efforts.