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    Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by lipoma
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University Skopje, R.N.Macedonia, 2021-03)
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    Jovanoski T
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    Georgieva G
    Carpal tunnel syndrome as a result of space occupying masses is very rare. Lipomas located in the carpal tunnel were found in small number of cases. In this case report, we present a case of a middle-aged woman with progressive muscle atrophy of the thenar and loss of sensation on the right hand innervated by the median nerve. Clinical examinations, electromyography and MRI were done, and a soft tissue mass, the most likely lipoma, was found in the carpal tunnel making pressure to the median nerve. Surgery was performed, decompression of the median nerve was provided, and results after two months showed complete improvement of the motor end sensory function of the hand.
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    Use of platelet rich plasma and split thickness skin graft in post-infection soft tissue defects, our initial experience
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University Skopje, R.N.Macedonia, 2020-12)
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    Trajkova A
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    Georgieva G
    Introduction. Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are severe, potentially life-threatening medical emergencies that are accompanied with devastating and rapidly spreading destruction of soft tissue as a result of bacterial infection and systemic toxicity. Patients with NSTI who undergo split thickness skin graft (STSG) experience high rates of complications. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown to have positive effect on the healing of acute, chronic and diabetic wounds. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of skin grafting with PRP in post-infectious soft tissue defects. Materials and Methods. Fourteen patients were randomized in two groups: an experimental group – wound coverage with STSG and PRP, and control group – with STSG alone. PRP was applied to the donor site in the experimental group. Patients’ follow up was until complete healing of wounds. In both groups we analyzed the healing time, the need for regrafting, secondary infections, pain and adverse effects. Results. Patients in the PRP group have had significantly reduced healing time (32.5 days) versus control group (72.5 days). In the experimental group, the rate of skin graft success was 90.2% vs. 77.2% in the control group. The need for regrafting occurred in one patient in the control group. Pain at the donor site in experimental group was statistically significantly lower. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusion. The combination of STSG and PRP reduces healing time and lowers the complication rates. It is safe to use with no adverse effect. Further studies are needed with larger number of patients to further validate its efficacy
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    Item type:Publication,
    Platlet-Rich Plasma - Review of Literature
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts / Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2021-04-23)
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    Trajkova, Andrijana
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    Georgieva, Gordana
    Wound healing is a dynamic and physiological process for restoring the normal architecture and functionality of damaged tissue. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous whole blood product that contains a large number of platelets in a small volume of plasma with complete set of coagulation factors, which are in physiological concentrations. PRP has haemostatic, adhesive properties and acts supraphysiologically in the process of wound healing and osteogenesis. Platelets play a very important role in the wound healing process by providing growth factors that enhance the rate and quality of wound healing by many different mechanisms. The aim of this review is to describe: the biology of platelets and their role in the wound healing process, the terminology of platelet rich products, PRP preparation, activation and concentration of PRP, as well as the use of PRP in plastic surgery.
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    SARS-CoV-2 infection and venous thromboembolism after surgery: an international prospective cohort study
    (Wiley, 2022-01)
    COVIDSurg Collaborative* and GlobalSurg Collaborative*
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    Chokleska, N
    SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri-operative or prior SARS-CoV-2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub-study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as peri-operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1-6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre-operative anti-coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri-operative SARS-CoV-2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri-operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0)) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2-3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9-3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30-day mortality (5.4 (95%CI 4.3-6.7)). In patients with SARS-CoV-2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Platelet-rich plasma as a promising bioscaffold for enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration: An experimental study in a rat sciatic nerve model
    (Journal of Biological Methods, 2025)
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    Aleksovski, Boris
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    Tusheva, Sofija
    Despite advancements in surgical treatments, impairments persist after peripheral nerve injuries, prompting a shift in research toward the microenvironment of injured axons. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors and derived from autologous blood, emerges as a potential candidate to accelerate nerve healing.
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    Timing of surgery following SARS ‐ CoV ‐ 2 infection: an international prospective cohort study
    (Association of Anaesthetists, 2021-03)
    COVIDSurg Collaborative GlobalSurg Collaborative
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    Peri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0–2 weeks, 3–4 weeks and 5–6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1 (3.3–4.8), 3.9 (2.6–5.1) and 3.6 (2.0–5.2), respectively). Surgery performed ≥ 7 weeks after SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5 (0.9–2.1)). After a ≥ 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2–8.7) vs. 2.4% (95%CI 1.4–3.4) vs. 1.3% (95%CI 0.6–2.0), respectively). Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients with ongoing symptoms ≥ 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay.
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    Evaluation of functional and radiologic outcome after conservative treatment of distal radius fractures
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2011)
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    High energy trauma of the upper extremity with traction injury of the brachial plexus
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University Skopje, R.N.Macedonia, 2021-10)
    Gordana Georgieva
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    Gjorgje Dzokic
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    Tomislav Jovanoski
    As a severe peripheral nerve injury, brachial plexus lesion can cause limitation in every- day home and workplace activities. Hereby, we present a patient with high-energy trauma of the upper extremity. The examination showed motor weakness of the upper extremity and no flexion and extension in the wrist and fingers with sensibility impairment. The examination and mechanism of injury indicated traction lesion of the brachial plexus. MRI showed postganglionic stretch injury. Treatment of choice was physical therapy. To evaluate the function of the upper extremity after the injury, we used the DASH score. Four months post injury, the patient has flexion and extension in the wrist and fingers. The mechanism of injury and the magnitude of forces that caused the injury can guide as to the extent of the brachial plexus lesion. Analyzing the acquired information, a plan for initial treatment can be established. On point treatment can increase patient’s quality of life with better outcome.
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    Prophylactic Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces in Elective Lower Limb Amputations
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts / Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2022-04-22)
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    Srbov, Blagoja
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    Tusheva, Sofija
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    Jovanoski, Tomislav
    Regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) is a relatively new surgical technique to manage neuromas and phantom pain after limb amputation. This study evaluates prophylactic RPNI efficacy in managing post-amputation pain and neuroma formation in amputees compared with patients in which lower limb amputation was performed without this procedure. We included 28 patients who underwent above the knee amputation (AKA) or below the knee amputation (BKA) for severe soft tissue infection from July 2019 till December 2020. All patients had insulin-dependent diabetes. The patients were divided into two groups, 14 patients with primary RPNI and 14 patients without. We analyzed the demographic data, level of amputation, number of RPNIs, operative time, postoperative complications and functional outcome on the defined follow up period. The mean patient age was 68.6 years (range 49-85), 19 (67.9 %) male and 9 (32.1 %) female patients. In this study 11 (39.3 %) AKA and 17 (60.7 %) BKA were performed. Overall, 37 RPNIs were made. The mean follow-up period was 49 weeks. PROMIS T-score decreased by 15.9 points in favor for the patients with RPNI. The VAS score showed that, in the RPNI group, all 14 patients were without pain compared to the group of patients without RPNI, where the 11 (78.6 %) patients described their pain as severe. Patients with RPNI used prosthesis significantly more (p < 0.005). Data showed significant reduction in pain and high patient satisfaction after amputation with RPNIs. This technique is oriented as to prevent neuroma formation with RPNI surgery, performed at the time of amputation. RPNI surgery did not provoke complications or significant lengthening of operative time and it should be furthermore exploited as a surgical technique.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Brachial Plexus Injuries - Review of the Anatomy and the Treatment Options
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2021-03)
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    Tomislav Jovanoski
    Brachial plexus injuries are still challenging for every surgeon taking part in treating patients with BPI. Injuries of the brachial plexus can be divided into injuries of the upper trunk, extended upper trunk, injuries of the lower trunk and swinging hand where all of the roots are involved in this type of the injury. Brachial plexus can be divided in five anatomical sections from its roots to its terminal branches: roots, trunks, division, cords and terminal branches. Brachial plexus ends up as five terminal branches, responsible for upper limb innervation, musculocutaneous, median nerve, axillary nerve, radial and ulnar nerve. According to the findings from the preoperative investigation combined with clinically found functional deficit, the type of BPI will be confirmed and that is going to determine which surgical procedure, from variety of them (neurolysis, nerve graft, neurotization, arthrodesis, tendon transfer, free muscle transfer, bionic reconstruction) is appropriate for treating the patient.