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    FLAG-IDA, Possible Breakthrough in Treatment of Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Context of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Single Center Experience
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH / Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2017-01-01)
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    Miloska, Dijana
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction.</jats:bold> Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents an entity well defined among the hematological malignnant diseases from diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. Still, big concern remains for those patients where the induction therapy fails. Classified in the group of refractory AML these patients are with poor prognosis. There are numerous attempts in providing the best surviving results by administration of appropriate therapy. Our center presents its experience in treating patients with refractory AML by administration of FLAG-Ida regimen, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplanttation, autologous or allogeneic, depending on the availability of HLA matched sibling donor of hematopoietic stem cells.</jats:p> <jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.</jats:bold> In patients with refractory AML, administering FLAG-Ida chemotherapy we have achieved complete remission in 22 patients (47%). Average age of the treated group of patients was 36.6 years (17-53). All of them proceeded to high-dose chemotherapy and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We performed autologous HSCT in 13 patients, and allogeneic HSCT in 9 patients. Median time to HSCT was 6.6 months (4-10), and in most of the patients we used myeloablative conditioning (MAC).</jats:p> <jats:p><jats:bold>Results.</jats:bold> The disease-free survival in our group of patients is 74 months (22-148). The longest overall survival was 148 months and was registered in a patient with allogeneic sibling HSCT. We can conclude that FLAG-Ida regimen is an appropriate and suitable salvage chemotherapy protocol for patients with refractory AML especially when it is used in the context of preparation for HSCT.</jats:p>
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    Multivariable model consisting of clinical and biological markers for time to first treatment in CLL patients: Preliminary results from single centre experience
    (Macedonian Academy od Sciences and Arts, 2013)
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    Ivanovski, Martin
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    Dukovski, Dusko
    The clinical course for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is extremely heterogeneous; one of the most important challenges in the clinical management of these patients is the decision on initiating their treatment, but there is no available prognostic system that will resolve this issue. Usually, criteria for active disease are used to initiate therapy. Recently, some authors have proposed prognostic models, scoring systems involving a set of clinical and biological risk factors and estimates of individual patient survivals. Here, we report our initial results from a study designed to evaluate the statistical association of the distinct clinical and biological parameters with the prognosis and time to initiating treatment for patients with CLL.
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    CLL-393 Outcomes of COVID-19 Infections in Patients With Hematological Malignancies in Republic of North Macedonia
    (Elsevier BV, 2022-10)
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    Ridova, Nevenka
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    Stojanovska, Simona
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    Labachevska, Marija Popova
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    Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in Children Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
    (Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, Одделение за медицински науки = Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Section of Medical Sciences/Walter de Gruyter GmbH/Walter de Gruyter GmbH/Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2019-05-01)
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    Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is one of the most serious complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in paediatric setting. It is most commonly reported as adverse event of immunosuppressive strategies during transplantation. We present a case of a 7 years old girl with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) at our department. Diagnosis of PRES was confirmed by imaging techniques during the first month after transplant and it was very likely connected with cyclosporine neurotoxicity. The aim of this article is to present our first experience in diagnosing and treating PRES in paediatric stem cell transplantation. Our experience showed that PRES is one of the reasons for higher transplant related mortality in children. Early prediction of factors contributing to PRES and closely monitoring of patient's vital signs, especially blood pressure, neurological status and vision are the main contributors for challenging the patient with another immunosuppressive agent that has less neurological toxicity. Still studies have to be initiated to confirm the influence of PRES on transplant outcome.
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    Molecular Monitoring in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Matched Unrelated Donor - Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Single Center Experience
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts/Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2020-12-08)
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    Ridova, Nevenka
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    Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases is a complex, multi-modality process and, though much of its clinical implications at different points are extensively studied, it remains even now a challenging area. It is a disease the biology of which governs the modality of MRD assessment; in patients harboring specific molecular targets, high sensitivity techniques can be applied. On the other hand, relapse is considered as the leading cause of treatment failure in AML patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT).
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    Outcome after autologous transplantation in the terms of comorbidity for patients with lymphoproliferative diseases: Single center experience
    (American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2017-05-20)
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    Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) improves survival in patients with myeloma and lymphoma but is associated with morbidity and nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Hematopoietic cell transplant comorbidity index (HCT-CI) was shown to predict risk of NRM and survival after allogeneic transplantation. We tested the utility of HCT-CI as a predictor of NRM and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing ASCT. Methods: We analyzed outcomes of 220 patients after high-dose melphalan and high –dose anti lymphoma chemotherapy during year 2000 to 2015. Individual comorbidities were prospectively collected at the time of ASCT. The impact of HCT-CI and other potential prognostic factors, including Karnofsky performance score (KPS), on NRM and survival were studied in multivariate Cox regression models. Results: HCT-CI score was 0, 1, 2, 3, and >3 in 42%, 18%, 13%, 13%, and 14% of the study cohort, respectively. Subjects were stratified into 3 risk groups: HCT-CI score of 0 (42%) versus HCT-CI score of 1 to 2 (32%) versus HCT-CI score > 2 (26%). Higher HCT-CI was associated with lower KPS < 90 (33% of subject’s score of 0 versus 50% in HCT-CI score > 2). HCT-CI score > 2 was associated with melphalan dose reduction (22% versus 10% in score 0 cohorts). One-year NRM was low at 2% (95% confidence interval, 1% to 4%). On multivariate analysis, overall survival was inferior in groups with HCT-CI score of 1 to 2 (relative risk, 1.37, [95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.87], P = .04) and HCT-CI score > 2 (relative risk, 1.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 2.08], P = .01). Factors that affect OS in the autologous recipients among lymphoma and myeloma patients were: HCT-CI, Karnofsky score, number of CD34+ cells/kg and time from diagnosis until transplant (p<0.05). Factors that affect TRM/NRM were HCT-CI, ECOG, Karnofsky score and number of hospital days and body weight.(p<0.05). Conclusions: ASCT for MM and lymphoma is associated with low NRM, and death is predominantly related to disease progression. Comorbidity evaluation during autologous transplantation for lymphoproliferative diseases can be a useful tool in predicting transplant outcome. </jats:p>