Mamuchevska, Daniela

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Official Name

Mamuchevska, Daniela

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danielam@eccf.ukim.edu.mk

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Evaluating the effects of consolidation of Macedonian mobile markets
(Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES), 2018-10)
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In the last two decades regulatory framework and structures of European telecom markets have significantly changed. The final goal of these changes was to increase competition in the telecoms industry, forcing operators to raise quality of services and reduce their prices. But on the other hand, as a result of the liberalization of the telecommunications market, application of new telecommunication technologies, and as well as the effects of regulatory pricing intervention, telecom operators are faced with shrinking revenues and profitability. Despite traffic growth in the period 2014-2018, revenue levels of telecom companies has remained stagnant. Therefore it is not a surprise the fact that over the period 2002 - 2015 a total of 1024 competition policy cases have arisen in EU telecoms markets, where more than a half are merger control cases. Results from a number of empirical studies for ex-post evaluation of merger decisions, suggest that a merger may have negative price effects and positive effects on investment transformed into better quality of services for consumers. Macedonian telecommunications market was not excluded from this trend of merging between mobile operators. The proposed merger between mobile operators VIP and ONE was cleared with remedies in July 2015. In the public, there is an open debate about the effects of this competition authority’s decision on consumer welfare and market performances. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to quantify the impact of the approved merger decision between the second and third mobile operators on market performance and consumer welfare in the Macedonian mobile market. For the purposes of this research, we applied reduced-form econometric methods using a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach, which is an established and widely used methodology in the ex-post evaluation studies. We compared the evolution of the market competition and performances indicators, both before and after the decision. As a control group we used mobile markets data of selected countries from South East Europe. Analysis Mason DataHub, Eurostat data, OECD, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database were the main data sources for our analysis. The key outcomes of this research study are particularly important for the regulatory authorities, in the period that is characterized by the introduction and implementation of costly innovations such as 4G and 5G services, and in a context where mobile operators are lobbing for a bigger market consolidation and for a more lenient merger control in order to be able to invest effectively.
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The role, significance and trend of construction sector in Macedonia
(CEA, Skopje, 2012)
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The theory has concluded, and the practice has confirmed numerous times, that the dynamic trends in construction influence the general economic activity of a country with a multiplier effect. More specifically, growth in the construction sector activity stimulates a revival of the total economic activity. Hence, the growth in this sectorstimulates a faster economic growth of a country. The governments of many countries, including Macedonia,through macroeconomics policies, encourage and stimulate construction activities with an ultimate goal to sooth recession trends in the economy. In order to reduce unemployment and strengthen aggregate demand, especially in crisis times, governments often engage in financing and building public objects. First in this paper we give a short review of why and how the developments in construction are usually analyzed, with an emphasis on the methodology implemented by the State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia; further we make an analysis of the role and significance of the construction sector in Macedonia and finally we review the EU experiences. Having this in mind and considering the fact that thus far a more serious and detailed analysis of the construction sector in Macedonia has not been done, with this paper we aim at giving a humble contribution, which would clear the way for further analyses and researches of this relevant sector of the economy.
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Satisfaction, price fairness and loyalty: the case of the Macedonian telecommunications market,
(2017-11-17)
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The goal of this research study is to reveal if there are significant differences in price fairness perceptions and in loyalty among mobile service users with different level of satisfaction in Macedonia. Namely, the marketing theory has paid significant attention to the concepts of satisfaction and loyalty and their relationship in terms of the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty claiming that the relationship is positive and significant. Besides abundant discussions about customer satisfaction and loyalty, the topic of price fairness and its linkage with customer satisfaction represent additional important issue that has been attracting significant attention among the scholars recently. A data set of 117 effective responses obtained from survey conducted among university students in Macedonia were analyzed by using exploratory factor analysis, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of factor analysis provided support for unidimensionality of both dependent variables: customer loyalty and price fairness. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to test the proposed hypotheses. The factor analysis showed that the measurement items of both variables (price fairness and customer loyalty) are reliable indicators of the adequate latent variables. The results of ANOVA test showed no significant differences in price fairness among customers with different level of satisfaction. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated the existence of the significant differences in loyalty among customers with different level of satisfaction. This research study is the first study in Macedonian context to offer evidence-based insights on the influence of level of satisfaction on price fairness and customer loyalty in mobile services market. This research gives valuable insights into the relationship of satisfaction and price fairness and satisfaction and loyalty in Macedonian telecommunications market for both telecommunications companies and regulatory institutions that can be used when designing appropriate marketing strategies and national telecommunications strategy.
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The Effects of Remittances on Poverty and Inequality Alleviation in Selected Central and South-East European Countries
(Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, 2022)
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Merdzan, Gjunter
In recent decades, the countries from Central and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) have experienced sizeable emigration, accompanied by growing remittance inflows. In some countries, especially developing countries, remittances present a significant source of foreign exchange inflow and of income for poorer families. However, empirical research on the impact of remittances on poverty and inequality has yielded mixed results. Most studies find that remittances help alleviate poverty, while the impact on inequality is more ambiguous. This paper empirically examines the impact of remittances on poverty and inequality in 16 countries from the CESEE region. Using the Generalized Method of Moments, we evaluate two specific panel regression models for the impact of remittances on poverty and income inequalities in this group of countries, accounting for the different levels of economic development and different macroeconomic and institutional settings. In addition, the paper also examines whether different institutional quality impacts poverty and inequality. The paper's preliminary results indicate that remittances reduce poverty and inequality in the analyzed countries, and that better institutional quality further improves the obtained results. The results of this paper could have significant implications for policymakers. Given that institutions appear to be important in the way remittances are used and for the benefits that they provide, the best way for governments to ensure that remittances play a role in reducing poverty and income inequality is to foster better institutional quality.
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The Economic Costs of Youth Unemployment in North Macedonia
(Institute of Knowledge Management, 2022-12-16)
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Youth unemployment is an issue that seriously concerns many countries, both developed and developing countries. Youth unemployment rates (as % total labor force ages 15-24) in North Macedonia is (36.9% in 2020), and despite recent improvements in labor market indicators, it has remined relatively high in comparison with the rest of Western Balkans countries (35.08% in 2020) and the EU average level (14.4% in 2019). High youth unemployment and inactivity provoke many negative consequences both for young individuals and for the whole society. For young people the long-term unemployment status negatively affects their prospects to find decent jobs, increase the social exclusion by losing of their skills and qualifications; and have negative impact on health status. For society the costs of youth unemployment and inactivity include higher fiscal costs due to unemployment benefits, forgone earnings, and taxes; increase poverty and income inequality; and reduce the aggregate consumption. Also, the high rates of youth unemployment provoke migration process of young population from a country, which may jeopardize the prospects of country’s future economic growth. Facing with the problem of high youth unemployment rates, in the several past years, North Macedonia have proposed and implemented different policies and measures to decrease the youth unemployment rates (National Youth Strategy 2016-2025, Youth Employment Action Plan 2016-2020, Youth Guarantee plan (2020-2022, and etc). In that context, North Macedonia was the first country, outside from the European Union, that has implemented the Youth Guarantee program in 2018, as a pilot project. And since 2019, the Youth Guarantee program has become a regular part of the youth labour policy. All these policies put the focus on improving education and working skills because it is expected that education increases chances for employment of young people, especially for those that belong to NEET category. Output and unemployment commonly move together. There are a number of empirical research with focus on the link between the output change and change in the unemployment. The most prominent one is the empirical research of Okun (1962) who defined the relationship between the change in the unemployment rate and the change of output growth rate. Therefore, the concept of the Okun’s Law is often used as a basis for developing of econometric models for estimation of the cost of unemployment in the economy. Calculation of economic costs is very useful for policy makers as a tool for evaluation of the costs and benefits of policy measures for increasing the employability in the economy. Thus, the focus of this research is to calculate the costs of GDP form youth unemployment in North Macedonia in the period from 2010 to 2021. For that purpose, based on the MakStat database of the State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia (SSO), authors developed an econometric model to calculate the loss of GDP form youth unemployment. From the obtained results, costs from total unemployment are on average 1.62% from potential GDP over the period 2010-2020, while the costs from youth unemployment varies from 0.57% in 2011 to 0.14% in 2020. Also, authors discuss results and give some recommendations for overcoming the challenges of high youth unemployment.
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Challenges Associated with Formal Education in Rural Areas
(COST - CA18213, 2022)
Flynn, Paul
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Mujčinović, Alen
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Ferreira, Tatiana
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Bojnec, Štefan
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Neagu, Gabriela,
The youth demographic in rural areas continues to experience a global decline despite significant efforts from both national and international organisations to downturn this negative trend. Such efforts aim to create conditions for learning as well as opportunities that can enable young people to develop knowledge, skills, and competencies. Despite the economic recovery trends of recent years (before the COVID-19 pandemic), young people continue to be particularly vulnerable and especially during times of crisis. Youth disengagement from the labour market can lead to economic loss, demotivation, marginalisation, and be reflected in challenges such as a lack of qualifications, health issues, poverty, and other forms of social exclusion. To address such challenges, it is vital that a detailed understanding of youth needs is developed. This work should be based on heterogeneous characteristics (personal vs institutional) that include (although not limited to) socio-economic, demographic, financial, technical, and institutional perspectives. This information should subsequently inform both future policy-making and decision-making processes. Previous research has already identified some problems related to the rural (suburban) regions. Common findings include: higher travel; communication and training costs; costly or inadequate services; lack of quality teachers; limited educational, training, social and economic opportunities; and an abundance of social capital. Such conditions clearly have an impact on youth development, where: • The share of young people aged 15-29 neither in employment nor in education or training (NEETs) are significantly higher, for example, in rural areas (in Europe, in 2019 12.6% of youth NEETs aged 15-29); • The rate of male early leavers tends to be higher than women (12% for men, and 8,1% for women) and where there is a higher incidence of early leavers among young people in rural areas (10.5%) and suburbs (11.2%) compared to those in cities (8.7%); • More females tend to enrol in general education programmes. Also, in rural areas within the youth population, those progressing to higher education that are aged 30 to 34 is only 29.4% despite a target of 40% set up by the EU Strategy compared to urban youth where this rate is 51.6%; • Internet connections and usage of the internet increases this is hampered by the rate of availability and adoption of digital equipment in rural areas. In addition, 33% of 13 to 14 years old did not have a high proficiency level in digital competencies, with 20% of young people aged 16 to 24 in the EU lacking basic digital skills. In order to address the aforementioned and other issues associated with youth development, a new form of partnership based on trust, collaborative working relationships between schools, sports clubs, art centres, museums, health centres need to be established and promoted. A common goal is required that seeks to maintain thriving rural communities, reduce segregation, improve the quality of life in rural areas, and transform regions towards a more sustainable one. This new form of partnership and process of developing new rural policies is based on creating an enabling environment through the (i) connection of markets, social networks, and information, (ii) civic, political participation, skills and (iii) education and empowerment, and general productivity. This Policy Brief takes a closer look at the issues raised above and makes a number of recommendations that can inform the development of the Youth-Centred Rural Transition Model (Figure 1) as a consequence of helping to shape policy and empower decision making that will make a difference to the everyday lives of Rural NEETs.
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The Impact of Education on Youth Employability: The Case of Selected Southeastern European Countries
(SAGE, 2022-01)
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Mujcinovic, Alen
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Gasparovic, Slaven
This paper focuses on the processes of school-to-work transitions in a selected group of countries from South-eastern Europe (SEE), namely: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Serbia; and, Slovenia. Each of these countries display the same roots of development in their educational systems: however, due to their transition and integration processes within the European Union, they implemented different concepts of reforms within their educational systems. In addition, the challenges of youth employability are a common problem for each of the selected countries, and the effectiveness of the processes of school-to-work-transition varies across the countries. By using panel data and multiple linear regression models, this paper estimates the impact of different educational levels on youth employability and changes in the rates of NEET population (aged 15–24) in the selected group of countries over the period 2009 to 2019. The results suggest that the impact of the attained level of education has an ambiguous effect on the rates of youth employment; moreover, the relationship with changes in NEET rates are statistically significant and negative in most of the selected group of countries.
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The Mega Capitalism and the Contradictory Perspectives of the European Union
(Springer International Publishing AG, 2018)
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The key issue of this paper is the analysis of the perspectives of the European Union under the framework of the tendencies of mainstream economics, which leads us towards the creation of mega-capitalism (i.e. the last phase of capitalism where the business of mega corporations is the key driver). In fact, the EU has fallen into the trap of the economic reality of globalization and the application of virtual neoclassical ideology. The process of structural adjustment of the European Union into the global economy has brought to the surface two contradictions which became differentia specifica of a protracted systemic crisis. The first contradiction will be presented from the aspect of the core-periphery model by describing the development strategies and structural differentiations in the European economic area. The second contradiction of the systemic crisis refers to the erosion of ‘the social state and national state’. Discrepancies between the promoted values for economic and social equality and the widening economic gap among the states make this process of erosion very obvious. This creates a dangerous potential for opening a new chapter in European history which will be characterized by intense processes of disintegration and fragmentation, deepening of the connection with the elite agglomerate enclaves of mega-capitalism and reducing the power of the national (social) state. Both processes have a common denominator and are products of the global market capitalism and the functional integration of mega capital. They confront the EU with the challenge to improve the competitiveness of its economy. Thus, the perspectives of the EU regarding its catching up with the global competitiveness will be analyzed from the point of view of this position, and the prospects of the Euro on the global market.
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THE EFFECTS OF REMITTANCES ON POVERTY AND INEQUALITY ALLEVIATION IN SELECTED CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
(University of Belgarde, Faculty of Economics and Business - Publishing Centre, 2022)
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Gunter, Merdzan
In recent decades, the countries from Central and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) have experienced sizeable emigration, accompanied by growing remittance inflows. In some countries, especially developing countries, remittances present a significant source of foreign exchange inflow and of income for poorer families. However, empirical research on the impact of remittances on poverty and inequality has yielded mixed results. Most studies find that remittances help alleviate poverty, while the impact on inequality is more ambiguous. This paper empirically examines the impact of remittances on poverty and inequality in 16 countries from the CESEE region. Using the Generalized Method of Moments, we evaluate two specific panel regression models for the impact of remittances on poverty and income inequalities in this group of countries, accounting for the different levels of economic development and different macroeconomic and institutional settings. In addition, the paper also examines whether different institutional quality impacts poverty and inequality. The paper's preliminary results indicate that remittances reduce poverty and inequality in the analyzed countries, and that better institutional quality further improves the obtained results. The results of this paper could have significant implications for policymakers. Given that institutions appear to be important in the way remittances are used and for the benefits that they provide, the best way for governments to ensure that remittances play a role in reducing poverty and income inequality is to foster better institutional quality.
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Улогата на регулаторните институции во развојот на функционалната пазарна економија во Република Северна Македонија
(Македонска Академија На Науките и Уметностите, МАНУ - Скопје, 2020)
Развојот на регулаторната институционална рамка во земјата ја претставува последната карика во процесот на трансформација на општествено-економскиот систем и изградбата на пазарната економија. Во првите години од транзицијата на општествено-економскиот систем во фокусот на реформите беше спроведувањето на приватизацијата и трансформацијата на јавната (државната) сопственост во приватна како и либерализацијата на трговијата. Се чинеше дека пазарот, преку ослободувањето од државата, либерализацијата на надворешната трговија ќе се создадат услови за слободно функционирање на пазарниот механизам, зголемената конкуренција ќе продуцира поквалитетна понуда на стоки и услуги, по економски прифатливи цени, понудени од страна на ефикасни и продуктивни фирми. Институционалниот развој на соодветни регулаторни тела беше речиси занемарен. Со потпишувањето на Спогодбата за стабилизација и асоцијација со ЕУ (април 2001 година) и со нејзиното стапување на сила (април 2004 година), започна поинтензивен процес на развој на пазарните регулаторни институции. Но, и по одминати речиси две декади, перформансите на регулаторните институции и нивното влијание врз развојот на функционалната пазарна економија се далеку од перформансите што овие институции ги остваруваат во земјите од Европската унија. Посебен фокус на анализа во овој труд се секторските регулаторни тела од областа на електронските комуникации, медиумските услуги, железничкиот и поштенскиот транспорт, енергетиката и работата на Комисијата за заштита на конкуренцијата. Во фокусот на анализата се поставува прашањето на независноста на овие институции анализирана преку петте димензии на независност (de-jure независност, транспарентност и отчетност, финансиска независност, независност на менџментот, кадровски капацитет) дефинирани согласно методологијата на OECD (2018). Структурата на трудот е следна: Во првиот и вториот дел од трудот се анализира потребата од развој на функционални регулаторни институции, и се прави краток преглед на теоретските и емпириските сознанија за придобивките од имплементација на ефикасна и ефективна ex-ante и ex-post пазарна регулација, соодветно. Третиот дел од трудот е посветен на анализата на состојбите и проблемите во развојот на системот на ефикасна економска и пазарна регулација во македонската економија. Четвртиот дел ги сублимира заклучоците и препораките за идниот развој на регулаторните институци во земјата.

Mamuchevska, Daniela

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