Faculty of Economics

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    Item type:Publication,
    Do Wages Reflect Growth Productivity – Comparing the European East and West?
    (Taylor & Francis Online, 2023-01-19)
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    Gligorić, Dragan
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    Kozeski, Kristijan
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    The research determines the gap (Great Decoupling) between labour productivity and workers’ compensation in the two blocks of EU countries (Western versus Eastern). The division of countries into two groups provides a basis further to determine whether the previous socio-economic and political evolutionary development of these countries blocks still has a significant impact on the functional distribution of national income, on the extent to which labour productivity growth is transmitted to workers. The results are heterogeneous. In the sample of highly developed Western EU countries where higher levels of labour productivity, as well as high levels of technological development, lead to an increase in labour productivity to be followed by a lower increase in workers’ compensation. On the sample of Eastern EU countries, results indicate different relationships and the strength of causality between productivity and labour compensation. Central-East EU countries had a more positive relationship between real workers’ compensation and labour productivity, compared to the Southeast Europe (Balkan) countries where an increase in workers’ compensation causes a reduction in labour productivity. The results also offer a solid basis for understanding wage/income/productivity relationships d for creating policies for a more efficient distribution of national income.
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    Item type:Publication,
    The impact of foreign direct investments od economic growth and trade: A panel approach of selected Western Balkan countries.
    (Research Center in Public Administration and Public Services. Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 2021-09)
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    Kozeski, Kristijan
    According to recent trends, there is a focus on the interest in the Western Balkan economies to attract foreign capital in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a source of external financing and economic recovery factor. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the movement and impact of FDI on economic growth and foreign trade on the example of the Western Balkans (North Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro). This analysis aims to examine the correlation and causal relationship between FDI, economic growth and the foreign trade caseof each individual Western Balkan country. The inflow of foreign capital in the form of FDI in the Western Balkan countries has a positive impact on GDP growth, exports and imports. From the results, it can be concluded that the inflow of FDI into the Western Balkan countries has a positive effect on the economic growth and the increase of foreign trade. The analysis showed that FDI has a statistically significant and positive impact on GDP in the Western Balkan countries, and is a key precondition for intensifying foreign trade. This study provides a promising step towards developing a more comprehensive empirical research by a dynamic estimation procedure.
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    Item type:Publication,
    The Impact of ICT on Labour Productivity – Europe vs. U.S.
    (SHS Web of Conferences 129, 08021 (2021), 2021-12-16)
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    Merdzan, Gunter
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    Kozeski, Kristijan
    Research background: The European economy has been experiencing declining productivity growth rates since the 1970s despite high investments in information and communication technologies (ICT). Investments in ICT are considered a key driver of productivity growth that serves as a basis for further improvements in living standards. However, despite the emergence of new technologies and industries, especially after 1995, European productivity growth has slowed and lagged behind the United States. The critical question is why? Purpose of the article: This article aims to examine the effects of ICT on the European labour market in the period when machines and systems such as artificial intelligence, new information technologies, the Internet of things, and other technologies are becoming increasingly interconnected and intertwined. Additionally, the article examines the key reasons why European productivity lags behind the U.S. and explains them. Methods: The panel regression method analyzes the productivity lag of selected European developed countries and emerging markets in 2007-2019. The article additionally makes a qualitative analysis of the benefits of new technologies on productivity in Europe compared to the U.S. Findings & Value added: The results of the econometric analysis applied in this article confirm the positive but insignificant impact of ICT investments on the labour productivity of the case of European developed countries in the post-Great Recession period. Thus, the article fills the gap in the research literature regarding the relationship between ICT investments and the labour productivity of selected European countries.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Analysis of the interactions between real compensation growth and labor productivity growth in selected countries
    (Faculty of Economics - Prilep, University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola, 2019)
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    Kozeski, Kristijan
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    Merdzan, Gjunter