Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food

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Technical efficiency of Macedonian pig farms
(Hrvatsko agroekonomsko društvo – Agroeconomia Croatica, 2013-09)
Petrovska, Marina
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Martinovska-Stojceska, Aleksandra
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Öhlmer, Bo
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The economic transition and market globalization processes have triggered structural changes in the Macedonian agriculture and influence on the efficiency and competitiveness in the pig production sub-sector. This paper aims to identify the level of technical efficiency on pig farms in the Republic of Macedonia. The Data Envelopment Analysis approach is used to measure the efficiency level, taking into consideration the exact quantity of inputs used in the production in relation to a given quantity of output. The data is analysed by making comparative analyses of the managerial behaviour and other non-measurable variables that influence the efficiency. The results determine what managerial activities influence the efficiency. They indicate the type and level of inputs that need to be changed, so that farms could reach the same technical efficiency achieved by the best farmers.
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Attitudes of Macedonian Farmers towards EU accession
(Hrvatsko agroekonomsko društvo – Agroeconomia Croatica, 2013-09)
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Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Öhlmér, Bo
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Macedonia has been a candidate-country for EU membership since 2005. The EU integrative process, without doubt, will have an impact on the Macedonian economy and particularly on the agricultural sector. So far, the farmers’ attitude and intentions with regard to the EU integration and accession have not been thoroughly investigated. Respectively, the objective of the paper is to provide understanding of the Macedonian farmers’ attitude and behavioural intentions in the context of EU accession and the potential policy and market changes. Furthermore, another issue is to establish whether there are significant discrepancies among farmers and their attitude towards EU accession. The results revealed that the farmer community in the country is quite heterogeneous in terms of farm and farmers’ profiles and farm management practices. The cluster analysis suggests that there are four clusters according to which the variables explaining the attitudes were significantly different, provisionally labelled as “optimist “, “moderate”, “restrained” and “sceptic”.
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Western Balkans agriculture and rural development policy in the context of EU integration - The case of Albania and North Macedonia
(Science Direct Elsevier, 2024-04)
Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Zhllima, Edvin
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Imami, Drini
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Imami, Drini
The agricultural sector is a cornerstone of social and economic life in the Western Balkan (WB) countries. However, it faces challenges of slow productivity growth, limited access to assets, and vulnerability to external shocks like climate change. Agricultural policies are crucial to enhance productivity, efficiency, and standards compliance in the European Union (EU) integration context. In this context, WB countries have been developing institutional frameworks while steadily increasing budgetary transfers to agriculture and rural development. The paper enables a comparative analysis of the agriculture and rural development support policy in Albania and North Macedonia with focus on main trends and reasons for potential shortcomings in relation to the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Efforts to enhance policy frameworks, institutional capacities, and agricultural productivity will be critical in achieving alignment and fulfilling the aspirations of EU accession.
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Agri-food trends and policy: Green deal challenges and opportunities in EU pre-accession countries (Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia)
(Bologna University Press, 2024-09)
Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Zhllima, Edvin
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Miftari, Iliriana
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Imami, Drini
EU pre-accession economies, including Albania, Kosovo and North Macedonia, rely heavily on agriculture that is a key employer in rural areas. The main challenges in the agriculture sector remain low productivity, lack of infrastructure, and poor access to finance and markets. EU membership aspirations and the pursuit of European Green Deal (EGD) guidelines provide a yardstick to assess regional agricultural policies, emphasizing sustainable practices and organic farming. The need for balanced increase in production and demand, improved supply chains, and compliance with EU standards is evident. Although, the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans (GAWB) emphasizes the countries’ commitment towards sustainability, yet implementation is inconsistent due to low level of support for agriculture and rural development in terms of environmental benefits, and for organic agriculture specifically. Aligning policies toward the EGD, developing a reliable quality infrastructure, and increasing the financial support and capacity building interventions is crucial for sustainable transformation. Further research on economic viability and behavioral factors affecting environmentally linked policy adoption is necessary to inform policy interventions.
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Assessing technical efficiency of vegetable farms in North Macedonia
(Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2021)
Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Janeska Stamenkovska, Ivana
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Žgajnar, Jaka
Farm economic performance measuring is important for farm management purposes and for assessing the impact of agricultural policy measures. Efficiency studies enable assessment of farm performance since highly efficient farms are considered to have higher potential for operating in a changing economic and technological environment. The aim of this paper is to assess the technical efficiency of vegetable farms in North Macedonia, utilising Data Envelopment Analysis, as a non-parametric approach estimating the relative efficiency of decision making units producing multiple outputs and using multiple inputs. The analysis is based on Farm Monitoring System data including 75 vegetable farms in 2011 survey. Apart from baseline scenario, additional scenarios include available agricultural policy support in 2011 and 2016. The average technical efficiency of vegetable farms is 0.62 considering constant returns to scale, i.e. 0.71 and 0.75 considering variable returns to scale (in output and input oriented perspective, respectively). With better farm management, technical efficiency score can be improved on average by 25%. Technical efficiency increases slightly with subsidies, on average by 2 to 3%. Analyses based on farm level data, are valuable when estimating the effects of implementation of agricultural policy as well as when creating new policy interventions.
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Evaluating an information campaign about rural development policies in (FYR) Macedonia
(Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), 2016)
Martin Huber
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Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra
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Anna Solovyeva
This paper investigates the effects of an information campaign about a governmental rural development program (RDP) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on the farmers’ intention to participate in the RDP. In the course of a survey among farmers, the treatment group received an information brochure with relevant details on selected RDP measures, while the control group received no information. Even though the intervention had been planned as experiment, randomization was not properly conducted, requiring sample adjustments and controlling for observed covariates in the estimation process. The results suggest that while the intervention succeeded in informing farmers, it had a negative, albeit marginally statically significant, effect on farmers’ reported possibility and intention to use RDP support in the near future. Evidence from further outcome variables suggests that this may be due to the information about administrative burden associated with RDP participation provided in the brochure. We also find that the negative effect is driven by the subsample of unprofitable farmers.
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Financial effects from introduction of European egg marketing standards on the layer farms in R. Macedonia
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2017)
Dimitrievski, Zarko
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Azderski, Jovan
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This paper presents the financial effects from introduction of the new EU method for grading the eggs according the size (weight) in 4 classes instead of Macedonian method of grading in 7 weight classes based on the comparative analyze of production records in three flocks of ISA commercial layers (Flock 1 - 18125, Flock 2 – 17587, Flock 3 - 16818). The comparison of the financial effects of the introduction of the EU grading system is made by the partial budgeting analysis. Application of European model for egg grading resulted in increased income of about 18-37 denars per average hen-day layer that improves the financial effects at the layer farms. Expressed per unit of production, egg grading based on the egg weight in 4 classes results in increased income per unit of production of 0.1-0.2 denars and is significant increase of the farm profitability knowing that each layer produces around 300 eggs during one production cycle of one year. Hence, the use of standards goes beyond marketing aspects, and can financially support the market without budgetary implications.
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DECISION MAKING FACTORS ON FAMILY FARMS: A COMPARISON OF MACEDONIAN AND IRISH FARMS
(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food- Skopje, 2017)
Radinoska, Elena
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Family farming is the most common farming model in Europe. However, family farms vary in terms of their size and available resources, as well as the economic, agro-environmental and social contexts they operate in. There are many internal and external factors influencing the decision-making process on family farms, so often this process is based on boundary rationality. The aim of this research is to identify and compare the factors that influence the decision-making process of family farms in two countries with different working environments; Republic of Macedonia and Republic of Ireland. The research is based on observations of the agricultural infrastructure in both the R. Macedonia and the R. Ireland; a survey of family farms in both countries; and lastly informal conversation with the farmers. The implementation of the survey took place in July 2017, with 30 questionnaires in total (15 in each country). The results showed differences in general external factors, whereas specific external factors are more similar in both countries. In terms of internal factors, differences are most often present in the perception farmers have for farming as an occupation that they pass on to future generations.
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Determinants of rural development support use in Macedonia, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Asssociation of Agricultural Economists of the Republic of Macedonia, 2016)
Martinovska Stojceska, Aleksandra
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Bogdanov, Natalija
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Nikolic, Aleksandra
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The aim of this paper is to identify the internal and external factors that form the farmers’ intentions in relation to the use of the rural development support and explain their behaviour, in order to design an appropriate assistance plan to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the rural development policy. The analysis is based on the theory of planned behaviour and multivariate statistics applied on data gathered in a survey of about 900 farmers that took place in November-December 2014 in Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The findings confirm that farmers’ intentions are influenced by the past behaviour (application), their attitudes towards the use of rural development support and the possibilities for co-financing. The social norms are mostly important in Serbia, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina. Other socioeconomic factors, such as education, market orientation, farm size and the share of household’s income from agriculture, have different impact among the countries.
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Application of the agricultural policy measures (APM) tool: Evidence from Macedonia
(Asssociation of Agricultural Economists of the Republic of Macedonia, 2016)
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Janeska Stamenkovska, Ivana
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The differences in the budgetary support of agriculture among countries, but also among years, hinder the process of evaluation of the harmonization with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Agricultural Policy Measures (APM) tool enables uniform classification of the agriculture policy measures combining the pillar concept of the CAP and the OECD classification. This paper presents the application of the APM for the Macedonian agricultural policy for the period 2008-2014. The findings confirm the commitment for gradual harmonization with the CAP, but also identify the needs for further adjustments of the policy and the applicability of this database for conducting policy analysis and impact evaluation.

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